Present Tenses

1. Present Tenses

Tense

Tense denotes the time of a verb.  Example: Sumi eats an egg. - Present tense / Sumi ate an apple. - Past tense / Sumi will eat a carrot. - Future tense

Present   indefinite tense-: S + V1(s/es)+ Ext

 Rule 1.

Always	Regularly	Sometimes	Often	Seldom
Usually	Generally	Normally	Daily	Every time
Frequently	Twice  a year	Occasionally	Every(day/week/morning)
on  Mondays	In  summer

•   উপরোক্ত Adverb গুলো কোন বাক্যে থাকলে সাধারণত  present  indefinite  tense হয়। মনে রাখতে হবে, Present indefinite tense এর Subject যদি Third person singular number হয়, তাহলে তার Principal verb এর শেষে s /es যোগ করতে হয়। যথাঃ The moon shines at night. / Shaheen usually plays tennis once or twice a week. / Rabindranath's  stories  often  have surprise  endings.

Rule 2. সাধারণত কোন বাক্য দ্বারা  Habitual  fact ,  universal  truth,  historical  truth , near future  , scientific  fact ,  quotations এবং exclamatory  sentence বুঝালে  present  indefinite tense হয়। Example : He  takes  tea  every day. - Habitual fact / The earth moves round the sun. - Universal truth / India wins freedom in 1947. - Historical truth / Ice floats on water. - Scientific fact / Keats   says, beauty is truth, truth beauty. - Quotations / Here comes the bus! - Exclamatory sentence

Present continuous tense- S + am/is/ are + V ing + Ext

Rule 3. 

Now	At this  moment	At present	Day by day		Now and now
Today	Right now /  tonight	This year	gradually	increasingly

উপরোক্ত Word এবং phrase গুলো কোন বাক্যে থাকলে তা present continuous  tense হয়। Example :   The baby  is crying  at present because  it is hungry  now. / The sun  is shining  in the  eastern  sky  now.

Rule 4. নিচের Verb গুলো [(1. Verbs of perception (উপলব্দিসূচক ক্রিয়া) 2. Verb of appearing (মনে হওয়া সূচক ক্রিয়া) 3. Verb of emotion (আবেগসূচক ক্রিয়া) 4. Verbs of thinking (চিন্তাসূচক ক্রিয়া) ] সাধারণত present continuous tense হয় না। বরং present indefinite tense হয়।

Agree	Appear	Adore	Belong	Believe	Care
Contain	Consider	Desire	Dislike	Detest	Depend
Expect	Feel	Fear	Forget	Hate	Hear
Hope	Love	Like	Mind	Mean	notice
Need	know	Owe	Observe	Prefer	Possess
Prescribe	Remember	Refuse	Recall	see	Seem
Smell	Trust	Think	Value	Understand	Want
Wish	Be	Pity	Envy	Remember	Intend
Deserve	Lack	Matter	own

Example : 

Incorrect: Anwar is knowing me. Correct:   Anwar knows me.

Incorrect: He is believing  me now. Correct: He believes me now.

 

Present perfect tense- S + have /has +V3 +Ext

Example : We  have  not had  a holiday  since  the beginning  of  the year

 Rule 5. নিম্নোক্ত   Adverb বা adverbial  phrase কোন sentence এ ব্যবহৃত হলে তা present  perfect  tense হয়।

Already	Just	Just now	Lately
Ever	Recently	So far	Till	For a long  time
For	Since	Still / yet	In the last  few  days

Example :  He has  been  ill  since  Friday  last. / He has   just gone out.

 

Present perfect continuous   tense- S + have been /has been + V ing + Ext

Present perfect continuous   tense এর structure: {  since (নির্দিষ্ট সময়)  for (অনির্দিষ্ট সময়)  }  + time. Example:

He has been suffering   from fever for four days. / He has been playing since 4.00 pm.

Rule 6. নির্দিষ্ট সময় বা অনির্দিষ্ট সময় নিয়ে কোন কাজ চলছে বোঝাতে Present perfect continuous tense ব্যবহৃত হয়। যেমনঃ We have  been  learning  English  since  our childhood. 

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