Past Tenses
2. Past Tenses
Tense
Tense denotes the time of a verb. Example: Sumi eats an egg. - Present tense / Sumi ate an apple. - Past tense / Sumi will eat a carrot. - Future tense
Past Indefinite Tense- S + V2 +Ext
Rule 1. āύāĻŋāĻŽā§āύā§āĻā§āϤ āĻļāĻŦā§āĻĻ āĻā§āϞ⧠āĻā§āύ sentence āĻ āĻĨāĻžāĻāϞ⧠āϤāĻž Past indefinite tense āĻšā§āĨ¤
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Ago |
Yesterday |
Long time |
Long since |
Wish |
|
|
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Once |
It is time |
It is high time |
Example: He came home yesterday. / The steamer sailed a week ago. / I had to go to hospital last Friday.
Rule 2. āĻ āϤā§āϤā§āϰ āĻ āύāĻŋā§āĻŽāĻŋāϤ āĻ āĻā§āϝāĻžāϏ āĻŦā§āĻāĻžāϤ⧠used to āĻ āĻĨāĻŦāĻž would āĻšā§āĨ¤ Subject + would / used to + verb āĻāϰ present form + ….. āϝā§āĻŽāύāĻ Apurba would / used to play cricket every afternoon.
Rule 3. āĻ āϤā§āϤ āĻāĻžāϞā§āϰ āĻ āĻā§āϝāĻžāϏ āĻŦā§āĻāĻžāϤ⧠Often , always , usually , regularly āĻāϤā§āϝāĻžāĻĻāĻŋ āϝā§āĻ āĻāϰ⧠simple past tense āĻŦā§āϝāĻŦāĻšā§āϤ āĻāϰāĻž āϝāĻžā§āĨ¤ Example : He watered the plants regularly. (Water āĻāĻāĻžāύ⧠verb āĻšāĻŋāϏā§āĻŦā§ āĻŦā§āϝāĻŦāĻšā§āϤ āĻšā§ā§āĻā§, āϝāĻžāϰ āĻ āϰā§āĻĨ āĻĒāĻžāύāĻŋ āĻĻā§āĻā§āĻž)
Past continuous tense- S + was / were + V ing + Ext
Rule 4. āĻ āϤā§āϤ āĻāĻžāϞā§āϰ āĻĻā§āĻāĻŋ āĻāĻžāĻā§āϰ āĻŽāϧā§āϝ⧠āĻāϞāĻŽāĻžāύ āĻāĻžāĻāĻāĻŋ Past continuous tense āĻšā§ āĻāĻŦāĻ āĻ āύā§āϝ āĻāĻžāĻāĻāĻŋ past indefinite tense āĻšā§āĨ¤ āĻ āϧāϰāύā§āϰ āĻŦāĻžāĻā§āϝā§āϰ structure āĻšāϞā§-
When + subject (1) simple past + subject (2) + past continuous. Example:
When Henry arrived home after a hard day at work, his wife was sleeping.
Or : Subject (1) + past continuous + when + subject (2) + simple past. Example:
We were doing a test when the lights went out.
-āĻ āϤā§āϤāĻāĻžāϞā§āϰ āĻĻā§āĻāĻŋ āĻāĻžāĻ āĻāĻāĻ āϏāĻŽā§ā§ āĻāϞāĻāĻŋāϞ āĻŦā§āĻāĻžāϞ⧠āĻāĻā§āĻāĻŋ Past āĻšā§āĨ¤ āĻ āϧāϰāύā§āϰ āĻŦāĻžāĻā§āϝā§āϰ structure āĻšāϞā§āĻž-
Subject (1)+ past continuous + while + subject (2)+ past continuous. Example:
Robin was playing football while Abu Talha was watching TV.
Or: While + subject (1)+ past continuous + subject (2) + past continuous
While Byezid was travelling , Imtiaz was flying by plane.
Past perfect tense- S + had +V3 +Ext
Rule-5.
āĻ āϤā§āϤāĻāĻžāϞā§āϰ āĻĻā§āĻāĻŋ āĻāĻāύāĻžāϰ āĻŽāϧā§āϝ⧠āϝā§āĻāĻŋ āĻāĻā§ āĻāĻā§ āϏā§āĻāĻŋ Past perfect tense āĻšā§ āĻāĻŦāĻ āĻĒāϰā§āϰāĻāĻŋ past indefinite tense āĻšā§āĨ¤ Before āĻāϰ āĻāĻā§āϰ āĻŦāĻžāĻā§āϝ āĻāĻŦāĻ after āĻāϰ āĻĒāϰā§āϰ āĻŦāĻžāĻā§āϝ past perfect āĻšā§āĨ¤ āĻāϞā§āϞā§āĻā§āϝ āĻāĻā§ āĻā§āώā§āϤā§āϰā§āĻ āĻ āύā§āϝ āĻŦāĻžāĻā§āϝāĻāĻŋ Past indefinite āĻšā§āĨ¤āϝā§āĻŽāύāĻ My friend had left before I came. / She told me his name after he had left.
-No sooner ……than, scarcely….. when, hardly …… when / before āĻĻā§āĻŦāĻžāϰāĻž āϝā§āĻā§āϤ āĻĻā§āĻāĻŋ sentence āĻāϰ āĻĒā§āϰāĻĨāĻŽāĻāĻŋ past perfect tense āĻšā§ āĻāĻŦāĻ āĻĒāϰā§āϰ āĻāĻŋ past indefinite tense āĻšā§āĨ¤ Structure: { No sooner / scarcely / hardly } + had + subject + verb past perfect + { than / when / before } + past indefinite tense. āϝā§āĻŽāύāĻ No sooner had we left the house than it began to rain.
Past perfect continuous tense- S + had been + V ing + Ext
Past perfect continuous tense āĻāϰ structure: { since (āύāĻŋāϰā§āĻĻāĻŋāώā§āĻ āϏāĻŽā§) for (āĻ āύāĻŋāϰā§āĻĻāĻŋāώā§āĻ āϏāĻŽā§) } + time. Example: He had been suffering from fever for four days. / He had been playing since 4.00 pm.
Rule- 6. āĻ āϤā§āϤ⧠āĻĻā§āϰā§āĻ āϏāĻŽā§ āĻŦāĻž āύāĻŋāϰā§āĻĻāĻŋāώā§āĻ āϏāĻŽā§ āĻŦāĻž āĻ āύāĻŋāϰā§āĻĻāĻŋāώā§āĻ āϏāĻŽā§ āύāĻŋā§ā§ āĻā§āύ āĻāĻžāĻ āĻāϞāĻāĻŋāϞ āĻŦā§āĻāĻžāϤ⧠Past perfect continuous tense āĻŦā§āϝāĻŦāĻšā§āϤ āĻšā§āĨ¤ āϝā§āĻŽāύāĻ We had been learning English since our childhood.