Past Tenses

2. Past Tenses

Tense

Tense denotes the time of a verb.  Example: Sumi eats an egg. - Present tense / Sumi ate an apple. - Past tense / Sumi will eat a carrot. - Future tense

Past Indefinite Tense- S + V2 +Ext

Rule 1. āύāĻŋāĻŽā§āύ⧋āĻ•ā§āϤ āĻļāĻŦā§āĻĻ āϗ⧁āϞ⧋ āϕ⧋āύ sentence āĻ āĻĨāĻžāĻ•āϞ⧇ āϤāĻž Past  indefinite tense āĻšā§ŸāĨ¤

Ago

Yesterday

Long time

Long since

Wish

  •  
  •  

Once

It is time

It is high time

Example: He came home yesterday. / The steamer sailed a week ago. / I had to go to hospital last Friday.

 

Rule 2. āĻ…āϤ⧀āϤ⧇āϰ āĻ…āύāĻŋ⧟āĻŽāĻŋāϤ āĻ…āĻ­ā§āϝāĻžāϏ āĻŦ⧁āĻāĻžāϤ⧇ used  to āĻ…āĻĨāĻŦāĻž would āĻšā§ŸāĨ¤  Subject  +  would / used  to +   verb āĻāϰ present form + ….. āϝ⧇āĻŽāύāσ Apurba  would  / used  to play cricket  every  afternoon.

Rule 3. āĻ…āϤ⧀āϤ āĻ•āĻžāϞ⧇āϰ āĻ…āĻ­ā§āϝāĻžāϏ āĻŦ⧁āĻāĻžāϤ⧇ Often  , always , usually  , regularly āχāĻ¤ā§āϝāĻžāĻĻāĻŋ āϝ⧋āĻ— āĻ•āϰ⧇ simple  past tense āĻŦā§āϝāĻŦāĻšā§ƒāϤ āĻ•āϰāĻž āϝāĻžā§ŸāĨ¤ Example : He watered  the plants  regularly.  (Water āĻāĻ–āĻžāύ⧇ verb āĻšāĻŋāϏ⧇āĻŦ⧇ āĻŦā§āϝāĻŦāĻšā§ƒāϤ āĻšā§Ÿā§‡āϛ⧇, āϝāĻžāϰ āĻ…āĻ°ā§āĻĨ āĻĒāĻžāύāĻŋ āĻĻ⧇āĻ“ā§ŸāĻž)

 

Past continuous tense- S + was / were + V ing + Ext

Rule 4. āĻ…āϤ⧀āϤ āĻ•āĻžāϞ⧇āϰ āĻĻ⧁āϟāĻŋ āĻ•āĻžāĻœā§‡āϰ āĻŽāĻ§ā§āϝ⧇ āϚāϞāĻŽāĻžāύ āĻ•āĻžāϜāϟāĻŋ  Past continuous  tense āĻšā§Ÿ āĻāĻŦāĻ‚ āĻ…āĻ¨ā§āϝ āĻ•āĻžāϜāϟāĻŋ  past indefinite  tense āĻšā§ŸāĨ¤ āĻ āϧāϰāύ⧇āϰ āĻŦāĻžāĻ•ā§āϝ⧇āϰ  structure āĻšāϞ⧋-

When + subject (1) simple past + subject (2)  + past continuous.  Example:  

When Henry arrived home after a hard day at work, his wife was sleeping.

Or : Subject (1) + past continuous  +  when + subject (2) + simple past. Example:    

We were doing a test when the lights went out.

-āĻ…āϤ⧀āϤāĻ•āĻžāϞ⧇āϰ āĻĻ⧁āϟāĻŋ āĻ•āĻžāϜ āĻāĻ•āχ āϏāĻŽā§Ÿā§‡ āϚāϞāĻ›āĻŋāϞ āĻŦ⧁āĻāĻžāϞ⧇ āωāϭ⧟āϟāĻŋ Past āĻšā§ŸāĨ¤ āĻ āϧāϰāύ⧇āϰ āĻŦāĻžāĻ•ā§āϝ⧇āϰ structure āĻšāϞ⧇āĻž-

 Subject (1)+ past continuous  + while + subject (2)+  past continuous. Example:  

Robin was playing football while Abu Talha was watching TV.

Or:  While + subject (1)+ past continuous + subject (2) + past continuous

While  Byezid    was  travelling , Imtiaz  was  flying by  plane.

Past perfect tense- S + had +V3 +Ext

Rule-5.

āĻ…āϤ⧀āϤāĻ•āĻžāϞ⧇āϰ āĻĻ⧁āϟāĻŋ āϘāϟāύāĻžāϰ āĻŽāĻ§ā§āϝ⧇ āϝ⧇āϟāĻŋ āφāϗ⧇ āϘāĻŸā§‡ āϏ⧇āϟāĻŋ Past  perfect  tense āĻšā§Ÿ āĻāĻŦāĻ‚ āĻĒāϰ⧇āϰāϟāĻŋ  past  indefinite  tense āĻšā§ŸāĨ¤ Before āĻāϰ āφāϗ⧇āϰ āĻŦāĻžāĻ•ā§āϝ āĻāĻŦāĻ‚ after āĻāϰ āĻĒāϰ⧇āϰ āĻŦāĻžāĻ•ā§āϝ past perfect  āĻšā§ŸāĨ¤ āωāĻ˛ā§āϞ⧇āĻ–ā§āϝ āωāϭ⧟ āĻ•ā§āώ⧇āĻ¤ā§āϰ⧇āχ āĻ…āĻ¨ā§āϝ āĻŦāĻžāĻ•ā§āϝāϟāĻŋ Past indefinite  āĻšā§ŸāĨ¤āϝ⧇āĻŽāύāσ My  friend  had left before  I came. / She told  me his  name  after  he had  left.

-No sooner ……than, scarcely….. when, hardly …… when / before āĻĻā§āĻŦāĻžāϰāĻž āϝ⧁āĻ•ā§āϤ āĻĻ⧁āϟāĻŋ sentence āĻāϰ āĻĒā§āϰāĻĨāĻŽāϟāĻŋ past perfect  tense āĻšā§Ÿ āĻāĻŦāĻ‚ āĻĒāϰ⧇āϰ āϟāĻŋ past indefinite tense āĻšā§ŸāĨ¤ Structure: { No sooner / scarcely / hardly } +  had  + subject + verb past  perfect + { than / when / before } + past  indefinite tense. āϝ⧇āĻŽāύāσ No  sooner  had  we left  the house  than it began to rain.

Past perfect continuous   tense- S + had been + V ing + Ext

Past perfect continuous   tense āĻāϰ structure: {  since (āύāĻŋāĻ°ā§āĻĻāĻŋāĻˇā§āϟ āϏāĻŽā§Ÿ)  for (āĻ…āύāĻŋāĻ°ā§āĻĻāĻŋāĻˇā§āϟ āϏāĻŽā§Ÿ)  }  + time. Example: He had been suffering   from fever for four days. / He had been playing since 4.00 pm.

Rule- 6. āĻ…āϤ⧀āϤ⧇ āĻĻā§€āĻ°ā§āϘ  āϏāĻŽā§Ÿ āĻŦāĻž āύāĻŋāĻ°ā§āĻĻāĻŋāĻˇā§āϟ āϏāĻŽā§Ÿ āĻŦāĻž āĻ…āύāĻŋāĻ°ā§āĻĻāĻŋāĻˇā§āϟ āϏāĻŽā§Ÿ āύāĻŋā§Ÿā§‡ āϕ⧋āύ āĻ•āĻžāϜ āϚāϞāĻ›āĻŋāϞ āĻŦā§‹āĻāĻžāϤ⧇ Past perfect continuous tense āĻŦā§āϝāĻŦāĻšā§ƒāϤ āĻšā§ŸāĨ¤ āϝ⧇āĻŽāύāσ We had  been  learning  English  since  our childhood.