Number
Making Singular and Plural
Making plurals with a list of some important words:
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a. Singular noun + s. ( cat- cats, book-books etc) |
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b. Singular ending ---s / ss/ sh / ch /x / z / + es. ( fox- foxes, bench- benches, bus- buses). Exception: monarchs, stomachs, oxen. |
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c. Singular ending ---f / fe, changes into—ves. ( half- halves, knife- knives, leaf- leaves, grief- grieves,) Exception: chief- chiefs, dwarf- dwarfs, roof- roofs. |
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d. Consonant + y changes into consonant + ies ( army- armies, baby- babies, city- cities) but vowel + y takes only –s ( boy- boys, ray- rays, way- ways). |
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e. Consonant + o takes ‘es’ in plural. ( buffalo- buffaloes, mango- mangoes, hero-heroes ) but vowel + o takes ‘s’ in plural (bamboo-bamboos, studio-studios) Exception: canto- cantos, photo- photos, halo- halos) |
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f. Irregular plural: man- men, foot- feet, mouse- mice, louse- lice, tooth- teeth, goose- geese, ox- oxen. |
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g. Compound nouns: Brother-in-law--- brothers-in-law, Englishman – Englishmen, Fisherman- fishermen, German- Germen, Handful- handfuls, Bookcase- bookcases. |
Plural of Some Foreign Words:
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Singular |
Plural |
Singular |
Plural |
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agendum |
agenda |
crisis |
crises |
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analysis |
analyses |
formula |
formulae |
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alumnus |
alumni |
medium |
media |
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basis |
bases |
memorandum |
memoranda |
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oasis |
oases |
radius |
radii |
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thesis |
theses |
appendix |
appendices |
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parenthesis |
parentheses |
hypothesis |
hypotheses |
Some Very Important Points:
1. নিচের noun গুলির পূর্বে বহুবচনগত সংখ্যা বসলেও তাদের Plural ব্যবহার করা যাবেনা। যেমনঃ
Brace, dozen, fathom, gross, pair, yoke, score, hundred, thousand.
Incorrect: He gave us seven thousands taka. Correct: He gave us seven thousand taka.
2. নিচের noun গুলির কখনো Plural ব্যবহার করা যাবেনা, ইহারা সব সময়ই Singular যেমনঃ
Furniture, scenery, information, poetry, machinery, expenditure, bread, advice, wheat, happiness, news, luggage etc
Incorrect: Sumon gave us some machineries. Correct: Sumon gave us some machinery.
3. নিচের noun গুলির Singular এবং Plural একই। যেমনঃ
Deer, sheep, canon, gross, apparatus, spices, innings, crops, salmon.
Incorrect: I have seven deers. Correct: I have seven deer.