Assertive Sentence-ব্যতিক্রম:
Voice change (Active থেকে Passive)
1. Double Object এর দুটিই একই ব্যক্তি বা বস্তুকে বোঝালে, অবশ্যই প্রথমটিকে Subject ধরতে হয়। যেমন:
Active: We made him captain
Passive: He was made captain by us. (NB: Captain was made him by us. -Incorrect)
2.
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Active |
Passive |
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কিছু বিশেষ Verb: know / annoy / seize / fill / cover / burn / burden/ satisfy / please / marvel / shock / surprise / vex / contain / bed |
by গ্রহন করে না। এরা to / at / with / in etc known to / annoyed with / seized with / filled with / covered with / burned with / burdened with / satisfied with/at / pleased with/at / marvelled at / shocked at / surprised at / vexed at / contained in / bedded on / embodied to |
3.
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Object হিসেবে self/ selves যুক্ত pronoun (e.g. He killed himself) |
Active এর Subj কেই Sub ধরে +......+ by+ self/selves যুক্ত pronoun (e.g. : He was killed by himself) |
4.
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Active |
Passive |
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Object + Ving+----e.g. : I saw him going to college |
V3 + Ving+---- + by + obj. e.g. : He was seen going to college by me. |
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Object + to +V/ Adv. e.g. : He was taking the dollar to buy gloves. / He helped me yesterday |
by + obj + to +V / Adv. e.g. : The dollar was being taken by him to buy gloves. / I was helped by him yesterday. |
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Object + V1 +----: We made him drive the car. |
V3 + to + V1 +----: He was made to drive the car by us. |
5. Active voice এ দুটি object এর মধ্যে যদি একটির পূর্বে preposition থাকে, সে ক্ষেত্রে যে object এর পূর্বে preposition নেই, সেটিকে passive voice এর subject ধরে voice change করতে হয়। যেমনঃ They suggested a plan to us. Passive: A plan was suggested to us by them.
6. Preposition যুক্ত verb গুলো Transitive verb এর ন্যায় কাজ করে বলে এদের passive ব্যবহৃত হয়। এ ক্ষেত্রে verb এর সাথে থাকা preposition টি অবিচ্ছিন্নভাবে রাখতে হয়। যেমনঃ Active: We talked of them. Passive: They were talked of by us.
7. Quasi passive verb যখন complement সহ থাকে, তখন তার passive করার নিয়ম হলো-Subject + Be verb + complement + when /if + it + be verb + P.V এর তৃতীয় রূপ।যেমনঃ Active: Honey tastes sweet. Passive: Honey is sweet when / if it is tasted.
8. Quasi passive verb যখন complement বিহীন থাকে, তখন তার passive করার নিয়ম হলো-Subject + tense অনুসারে Be verb + P.V এর তৃতীয় রূপ।যেমনঃ Active: The house is building. Passive: The house is being built.
9. একাধিক clause থাকা বাক্যের passive করার নিয়ম হলোঃ ১. দুটি clause কে আলাদা আলাদা passive করা যায়। অথবা ২. দ্বিতীয় clause কে আলাদা ভাবে passive করে প্রথম clause এর subject ধরে passive করা যায়। যেমনঃ Active: I know that he did the work. Passive: 1. It is known to me that the work was done by him. 2. That the work was done by him is known to me.