Transformation of Simple-Complex-Compound
[Transformation এ Compound / comlex থেকে Simple করতে একটি Main Clause / subordinate clause ভেঙ্গে phrase বানাতে হয়। অর্থাৎ একটি Main Clause / subordinate clause লোপ পায় ]
Rule-1:
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Simple: Present participle (Ving + -----) |
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Complex: (When /As /Since) Clause টি সময় বোঝালে Sub-ordinate clause এর শুরুতে when, কারন বোঝালে as / since বসে | |
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Compound: And |
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যেমনঃ Simple: Eating rice he went to college. |
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Complex: When he ate rice, he went to college. |
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Compound: He ate rice and went to college. |
Note 1: Simple sentence এ যদি present participle phrase এবং clause অংশের Subject একই হয় তাহলে phrase অংশের subject এর উল্লেখের প্রয়োজন হয় না। কিন্তু ভিন্ন ভিন্ন হলে উল্লেখ করতে হয়।
Note 2: বাক্যের subject একই হলে compound এ and এর পরে subject কে গোপন রাখা হয়। কিন্তু ভিন্ন ভিন্ন হলে উল্লেখ করতে হয়। Simple: The load being very heavy, he cannot carry it. Compound: The load is very heavy and he cannot carry.
Note 3: present participle বাক্যে verb to be এর পরিবর্তে being এবং verb to have এর পরিবর্তে having বসে।
Rule 2:
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Simple: Because of |
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Complex: As / Since দ্বারা Sub-ordinate clause শুরু করতে হয়। |
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Compound: And |
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যেমনঃ Simple: Because of killing the albatross, the old man was punished.. |
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Complex: As the old man killed the albatross, he was punished. |
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Compound: The old man killed the albatross and was punished. |
Rule 3:
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Simple: In spite of /Despite |
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Complex: Though / Although দ্বারা Sub-ordinate clause শুরু করতে হয় | |
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Compound: But |
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যেমনঃ Simple: In spite of his being ill, he went to the office. |
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Complex: Though he was ill, he went to the office. |
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Compound: He was ill but went to the office |
Rule 4:
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Simple: By + Gerund |
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Complex: If + Affirmative |
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Compound: And |
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যেমনঃ Simple: By working hard you can shine in life. |
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Complex: If you work hard, you can shine in life. |
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Compound: Work hard and shine in life. |
Note: এই ধরনের শর্তসূচক বাক্যে Compound sentence এর সাথে Principal clause টি Imperative sentence হবে।
Rule 5:
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Simple: Without + gerund |
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Complex: If + Negative |
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Compound: or |
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যেমনঃ Simple: Without working hard you will fail in life. |
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Complex: If you do not work hard, you will fail in life. |
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Compound: Work hard or fail in life. |
Note: এই ধরনের শর্তসূচক বাক্যে Compound sentence এর সাথে Principal clause টি Imperative sentence হবে।
Rule 6:
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Simple: too ---- to |
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Complex: too এর স্থলে so এবং to এর স্থলে that + subj এর pronoun form + can not / could not |
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Compound: too এর স্থলে very এবং to এর স্থলে and + subj এর pronoun form + can not / could not |
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যেমনঃ Simple: The old man is too weak to walk an inch. |
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Complex: The old man is so weak that he can not walk an inch. |
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Compound: The old man is very weak and can not walk an inch. |
Rule 7:
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Simple: to + verb (Infinitive to) |
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Complex: to এর স্থলে so that + Subj + can / may / could / might |
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Compound: to এর পূর্ব পর্যন্ত + and + Subj + want / wants / wanted + to সহ বাকী অংশ |
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যেমনঃ Simple: The boy worked had to make a good result. |
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Complex: The boy worked hard so that he could make a good result. |
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Compound: The boy worked hard and wanted to make a good result. |
Rule 8:
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Simple: সময়/বয়স বাচক Prepositional phrase , ছোট সময় -at, ঋতু-in, বয়স -at the age of, কাজ চলা -at the time of |
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Complex: When + it / personal subj + be verb + সময় / বয়স বাচক শব্দ |
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Compound: and |
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যেমনঃ Simple: In Winter he went to the USA. |
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Complex: When it was winter, he went to the USA. |
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Compound:It was winter and he went to the USA. |
Rule 9: (অর্থ অনুসারে)
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যেমনঃ Simple: I know his birth place. / I do not know his father's name. |
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Complex: I know the place where he was born. / I do not know what his father's name is. |
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Compound: Not applied |