Transformation of Simple-Complex-Compound
[Transformation এ Simple থেকে Compound করতে Main Clause এর বাইরের অংশ ভেঙ্গে (phrase ভেঙ্গে) নতুন একটি Main Clause বাড়াতে হয় এবং Complex থেকে compoound করতে একটি Subordinate Clause ভেঙ্গে নতুন একটি Main Clause বাড়াতে হয়।।]
Rule-1:
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Simple: Present participle (Ving + -----) |
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Complex: (When /As /Since) Clause টি সময় বোঝালে Sub-ordinate clause এর শুরুতে when, কারন বোঝালে as / since বসে | |
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Compound: And |
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যেমনঃ Simple: Eating rice he went to college. |
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Complex: When he ate rice, he went to college. |
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Compound: He ate rice and went to college. |
Note 1: Simple sentence এ যদি present participle phrase এবং clause অংশের Subject একই হয় তাহলে phrase অংশের subject এর উল্লেখের প্রয়োজন হয় না। কিন্তু ভিন্ন ভিন্ন হলে উল্লেখ করতে হয়।
Note 2: বাক্যের subject একই হলে compound এ and এর পরে subject কে গোপন রাখা হয়। কিন্তু ভিন্ন ভিন্ন হলে উল্লেখ করতে হয়। Simple: The load being very heavy, he cannot carry it. Compound: The load is very heavy and he cannot carry.
Note 3: present participle বাক্যে verb to be এর পরিবর্তে being এবং verb to have এর পরিবর্তে having বসে।
Rule 2:
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Simple: Because of |
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Complex: As / Since দ্বারা Sub-ordinate clause শুরু করতে হয়। |
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Compound: And |
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যেমনঃ Simple: Because of killing the albatross, the old man was punished.. |
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Complex: As the old man killed the albatross, he was punished. |
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Compound: The old man killed the albatross and was punished. |
Rule 3:
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Simple: In spite of /Despite |
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Complex: Though / Although দ্বারা Sub-ordinate clause শুরু করতে হয় | |
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Compound: But |
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যেমনঃ Simple: In spite of his being ill, he went to the office. |
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Complex: Though he was ill, he went to the office. |
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Compound: He was ill but went to the office |
Rule 4:
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Simple: By + Gerund |
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Complex: If + Affirmative |
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Compound: And |
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যেমনঃ Simple: By working hard you can shine in life. |
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Complex: If you work hard, you can shine in life. |
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Compound: Work hard and shine in life. |
Note: এই ধরনের শর্তসূচক বাক্যে Compound sentence এর সাথে Principal clause টি Imperative sentence হবে।
Rule 5:
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Simple: Without + gerund |
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Complex: If + Negative |
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Compound: or |
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যেমনঃ Simple: Without working hard you will fail in life. |
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Complex: If you do not work hard, you will fail in life. |
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Compound: Work hard or fail in life. |
Note: এই ধরনের শর্তসূচক বাক্যে Compound sentence এর সাথে Principal clause টি Imperative sentence হবে।
Rule 6:
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Simple: too ---- to |
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Complex: too এর স্থলে so এবং to এর স্থলে that + subj এর pronoun form + can not / could not |
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Compound: too এর স্থলে very এবং to এর স্থলে and + subj এর pronoun form + can not / could not |
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যেমনঃ Simple: The old man is too weak to walk an inch. |
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Complex: The old man is so weak that he can not walk an inch. |
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Compound: The old man is very weak and can not walk an inch. |
Rule 7:
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Simple: to + verb (Infinitive to) |
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Complex: to এর স্থলে so that + Subj + can / may / could / might |
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Compound: এর পূর্ব পর্যন্ত + and + Subj + want / wants / wanted + to সহ বাকী অংশ |
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যেমনঃ Simple: The boy worked had to make a good result. |
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Complex: The boy worked hard so that he could make a good result. |
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Compound: The boy worked hard and wanted to make a good result. |
Rule 8:
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Simple: সময়/বয়স বাচক Prepositional phrase , ছোট সময় -at ঋতু-in, বয়স -at the age of কাজ চলা -at the time of |
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Complex: When + it / personal subj + be verb + সময় / বয়স বাচক শব্দ |
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Compound: and |
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যেমনঃ Simple: In Winter he went to the USA. |
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Complex: When it was winter, he went to the USA. |
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Compound:It was winter and he went to the USA. |
Rule 9: (অর্থ অনুসারে)
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যেমনঃ Simple: I know his birth place. / I do not know his father's name. |
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Complex: I know the place where he was born. / I do not know what his father's name is. |
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Compound: Not applied |