Modals Part-01
3.8. Modals Part-01
Modal Auxiliary verb
Can / could / could have / may / might / might have
1. Ability, permission āĻāĻŦāĻ possibility āĻĒā§āϰāĻāĻžāĻļ āĻāϰāϤ⧠can āĻŦāϏā§āĨ¤
Example: He can do the sum (ability) , Can I go now? (Permission)
It can be the best of all. (Possibility)
2. Ability in the past āĻĒā§āϰāĻāĻžāĻļ āĻāϰāϤ⧠could āĻŦāϏā§āĨ¤
Example: He could do the sum
āϝāĻĻāĻŋāĻ Could conditional sentence āĻ āĻŦāϏā§āĨ¤
3. May, might āĻĻā§āĻŦāĻžāϰāĻž permission āĻāĻŦāĻ probability āĻŦā§āĻāĻžā§āĨ¤
Example: May I go now? (In case of permission may is more formal than can) It might rain tomorrow , It may rain tomorrow
4. āϏāĻŦāĻŋāύ⧠Request āĻŦāĻž offer āĻĒā§āϰāĻāĻžāĻļ āĻāϰāϤ⧠would āĻŦāϏā§āĨ¤
Example: Would you like some biscuits?
5. Can’t help / couldn’t help āĻāĻĻā§āϰ āĻĒāϰ gerund āĻŦāϏā§āĨ¤
āĻ āϰā§āĻĨāĻžā§ {Cannot help / could not help} + (verb + ing)
āϤāĻŦā§ Can’t but / couldn’t but āĻāϰ āĻĒāϰ v1 āĻŦāϏā§āĨ¤ āĻ āϰā§āĻĨāĻžā§
{Cannot but / could not but} v1
Example: I can’t help going there āϤāĻŦā§,
I can’t but go there
6. āĻ āϤā§āϤ⧠āĻā§āύ⧠āĻāĻžāĻ āĻāϰāĻžāϰ āϏāĻžāĻŽāϰā§āĻĨā§āϝ āĻāĻŋāϞ āĻāĻŋāύā§āϤ⧠āĻāϰāĻž āĻšā§āύāĻŋ āĻāĻŽāύ āĻ āϰā§āĻĨ āĻŦā§āĻāĻžāϤ⧠could have + v3 āĻŦāϏā§āĨ¤ Example: I could have married anybody but I did not
I could have won the race if I hadn’t fallen
Should / should be / should have/ had better
1. āĻā§āύ Recommendation, advice āĻŦāĻž obligation āĻāĻŦāĻ prediction āĻĒā§āϰāĻāĻžāĻļ āĻāϰāϤ⧠should āĻŦāϏā§āĨ¤ Example : You should respect your teachers if you want to be successful. / Masum should study tonight as he has as exam tomorrow
2. Speaker expect āĻāϰā§āύ āϝ⧠āĻā§āύ āĻāĻāĻāĻŋ āĻāĻžāĻ āĻšāĻāĻ āĻŦāĻž āĻšāϤ⧠āĻĒāĻžāϰ⧠āĻāĻŽāύ āĻāĻžāĻŦ āĻĒā§āϰāĻāĻžāĻļ āĻāϰāϤ⧠should āĻŦāϏā§āĨ¤ Example: It should rain tomorrow (I expect it to rain tomorrow) My cheek should arrive next week ( I expect it to arrive next week)
3. Should (āĻāĻāĻŋā§), had better(āĻŦāϰāĻ āĻāĻžāϞ), ought to(āĻāϰā§āϤāĻŦā§āϝ) āĻāĻŦāĻ be supposed to(āĻāϰāĻžāϰ āĻāĻāĻžāĻāĻāĻž) āĻāϰāĻž āĻĒā§āϰāĻžā§ āĻāĻāĻ āϰāĻāĻŽ meaning āĻĒā§āϰāĻāĻžāĻļ āĻāϰāϞā§āĻ āĻ āύā§āϤāϰā§āύāĻŋāĻšāĻŋāϤ āĻāĻžāĻŦāĻāϤ āĻĒāĻžāϰā§āĻĨāĻā§āϝ āϰā§ā§āĻā§āĨ¤ āĻāϰāĻž āύāĻŋāĻŽā§āύā§āĻā§āϤ Structure follow āĻāϰā§āĨ¤
Subject {had better / should / ought to / be supposed to / am -is - are to / was - were to} + verb in simple form
Example: Shafiq should study tonight. / Shafiq had better study tonight. / Shafiq ought to study tonight. / Shafiq is supposed to study tonight.
4. āĻā§āύ āĻāĻžāĻ āĻāĻāύ āĻāϰāϤ⧠āĻĨāĻžāĻāĻž āĻāĻāĻŋāϤ āĻŦā§āĻāĻžāϤ⧠Should be + verb ( ing ) āĻŦāϏā§āĨ¤
Example: Why are you watching TV now? / You have an exam tomorrow. / You should be reading now.
5. āĻā§āύ āĻāĻžāĻ āĻāϰāĻž āĻāĻāĻŋāϤ āĻāĻŋāϞ, āĻāĻŋāύā§āϤ⧠āĻāϰāĻž āĻšā§ āύāĻŋ āĻŦā§āĻāĻžāϤ⧠Should have+ V3 āĻŦāϏā§āĨ¤
Example: You should have done the work.
Used to
1. āĻ āϤā§āϤā§āϰ āĻ āĻā§āϝāĻžāϏ āĻŦā§āĻāĻžāϤ⧠Used to + v1 āĻŦāϏā§āĨ¤
Example: When Dalia was young, he used to swim once a day.
āĻŽāύ⧠āϰāĻžāĻāĻŦā§: Used to is always in this form, it can never be use to. āĻāĻŦāĻžāϰ Used to āĻāϰ āĻĒā§āϰā§āĻŦā§ āĻā§āύ be verb āĻŦāĻž get āĻŦāϏāϞ⧠verb + ing āĻšāĻŦā§āĨ¤ āĻāĻāĻŋ present / past / future āϝ⧠āĻā§āύ tense āĻāϰ āĻā§āώā§āϤā§āϰ⧠āĻŦā§āϝāĻŦāĻšā§āϤ āĻšāϤ⧠āĻĒāĻžāϰā§āĨ¤ āĻ āϰā§āĻĨāĻžā§
-be +usedto /get +used to/ become+usedto + verb+ing Example:Tomal is used to swimmingeveryday. / Masud was used to swimming everyday. / Sayeed will be used to swimming everyday.
āĻŦā§āϝāϤāĻŋāĻā§āϰāĻŽ: āĻ āĻā§āϝāĻžāϏ āύāĻž āĻŦā§āĻāĻŋā§ā§ 'āĻŦā§āϝāĻŦāĻšā§āϤ āĻšā§-āĻāĻŽāύ āĻ āϰā§āĻĨ' āĻŦā§āĻāĻžāϞ⧠Be verb + used to āĻāϰ āĻĒāϰ v1 āĻŦāϏā§āĨ¤ āϤāĻŦā§ subject āĻ āĻŦāĻļā§āϝāĻ āĻŦāϏā§āϤā§āĻŦāĻžāĻāĻ āĻšāĻŦā§āĨ¤ Example: CNG is used to power vehicle (āĻŦā§āϝāĻŦāĻšā§āϤ āĻšā§ āĻ āϰā§āĻĨā§)