The Preposition Rules-Part-01

6.1 The Preposition Rules-Part-01

The Preposition

  A Preposition is a word placed before a noun or a pronoun to show its relation to some other word in the sentence. Pre= āφāϗ⧇/ āĻĒā§‚āĻ°ā§āĻŦ⧇,          position= āĻ…āĻŦāĻ¸ā§āĻĨāĻžāύ |

āĻ…āĻ°ā§āĻĨāĻžā§Ž Preposition āĻšāϞ āϏ⧇āχ āϏāĻ•āϞ word  āϝāĻžāϰāĻž āϕ⧋āύ āĻļāĻŦā§āĻĻ⧇āϰ āφāϗ⧇ āĻŦāϏ⧇ āĻĒā§‚āĻ°ā§āĻŦāĻŦāĻ°ā§āϤ⧀ word āĻāĻŦāĻ‚ Head word  āĻāϰ āĻŽāĻ§ā§āϝ⧇ āϏāĻŽā§āĻĒāĻ°ā§āĻ•  āĻ¸ā§āĻĨāĻžāĻĒāύ āĻ•āϰ⧇āĨ¤ āĻ…āĻ¨ā§āϝ āĻ•āĻĨāĻžā§Ÿ āĻŦāϞāĻž āϝāĻžā§Ÿ, āϝ⧇ Word  āĻŦāĻž Word āϏāĻŽāĻˇā§āϟāĻŋ Noun āĻŦāĻž Pronoun āĻ…āĻĨāĻŦāĻž Noun equivalent  āĻāϰ āϏāĻ™ā§āϗ⧇ āϏāĻŽā§āĻĒāĻ°ā§āĻ• āĻ¸ā§āĻĨāĻžāĻĒāύ āĻ•āϰāĻŋā§Ÿā§‡ āĻĻā§‡ā§Ÿ, āϤāĻžāχ Preposition.

Difference in the uses of different types of preposition:

At

1. at + āύāĻŋāĻ°ā§āĻĻāĻŋāĻˇā§āϟ āϏāĻŽā§Ÿ āĻŦāĻžāĻ‚āϞāĻžā§Ÿ āĻ…āĻ°ā§āĻĨ āĻšāĻŦ⧇ āĻ/āϤ⧇/⧟ -He will come at 5 a.m

2. at + āĻ…āĻĒ⧇āĻ•ā§āώāĻžāĻ•ā§ƒāϤ āϛ⧋āϟ āĻ¸ā§āĻĨāĻžāύ āĻŦāĻžāĻ‚āϞāĻžā§Ÿ āĻ…āĻ°ā§āĻĨ āĻšāĻŦ⧇ āĻ/āϤ⧇/⧟ -He lives at Uttara.

3. at+ āϕ⧋āύ āĻŦāĻŋāĻˇā§Ÿā§‡āϰ āύāĻžāĻŽ āĻĨāĻžāĻ•āϞ⧇ āĻŦāĻžāĻ‚āϞāĻžā§Ÿ āĻ…āĻ°ā§āĻĨ āĻšāĻŦ⧇ āĻĻāĻ•ā§āώ - He is good at Mathematics.

4. āϏāĻžāĻĒā§āϤāĻžāĻšāĻŋāĻ• āϛ⧁āϟāĻŋ āĻāϰ āĻĒā§‚āĻ°ā§āĻŦ⧇ at āĻŦāϏ⧇- Are you doing anything special at the weekend?

into

1. into + āĻ¸ā§āĻĨāĻžāύ āĻŦāĻžāĻ‚āϞāĻžā§Ÿ āĻ…āĻ°ā§āĻĨ āĻšāĻŦ⧇ āĻŽāĻ§ā§āϝ⧇- He came into the house.

2. into+ āϏāĻŽā§Ÿ āĻŦāĻžāĻ‚āϞāĻžā§Ÿ āĻ…āĻ°ā§āĻĨ āĻšāĻŦ⧇ āĻĒāĻ°ā§āϝāĻ¨ā§āϤ - He carried on working in to the night.

3.  into+ Noun/Pronoun āĻŦāĻžāĻ‚āϞāĻžā§Ÿ āĻ…āĻ°ā§āĻĨ āĻšāĻŦ⧇ āĻĒāϰāĻŋāĻŦāĻ°ā§āϤāύ āĻ•āϰāĻž -He cut the paper into scripts.

By

1. By + āϝāĻžāύāĻŦāĻžāĻšāύ, āĻāϰ āĻŦāĻžāĻ‚āϞāĻž āĻ…āĻ°ā§āĻĨ āϝ⧋āϗ⧇ āĻŦāĻž āĻ•āϰ⧇ āϝ⧇āĻŽāύ: He goes to college by bus/by rickshaw/by boat.

2. By + āύāĻŋāĻ°ā§āĻĻāĻŋāĻˇā§āϟ āϏāĻŽā§Ÿ, āĻŦāĻžāĻ‚āϞāĻžā§Ÿ āĻ…āĻ°ā§āĻĨ āĻšāĻŦ⧇ āύāĻŋāĻ°ā§āϧāĻžāϰāĻŋāϤ āϏāĻŽā§Ÿā§‡āϰ āĻĒā§‚āĻ°ā§āĻŦ⧇āχ āϝ⧇āĻŽāύ:- He will reach by 10 a.m/ tomorrow.

3. By + agent, āĻŦāĻžāĻ‚āϞāĻžā§Ÿ āĻ…āĻ°ā§āĻĨ āĻšāĻŦ⧇ "āĻĻā§āĻŦāĻžāϰāĻž" āϝ⧇āĻŽāύ: He was killed by a terrorist/by me/by them.

4. By +Noun/Pronoun, āĻŦāĻžāĻ‚āϞāĻžā§Ÿ āĻ…āĻ°ā§āĻĨ āĻšāĻŦ⧇ āĻĒāĻžāĻļ⧇ āϝ⧇āĻŽāύ: We stood by him. / Our hotel was by the sea.

5. By + Verb+ing, āĻŦāĻžāĻ‚āϞāĻžā§Ÿ āĻ…āĻ°ā§āĻĨ āĻšāĻŦ⧇ āĻ‡ā§ŸāĻž āϝ⧇āĻŽāύ: He will return leaving me alone.

6. By + God āĻāϰ āύāĻžāĻŽ, āĻŦāĻžāĻ‚āϞāĻžā§Ÿ āĻ…āĻ°ā§āĻĨ āĻšāĻŦ⧇ āĻ•āϏāĻŽ āĻŦāĻž āĻļāĻĒāĻĨ āϝ⧇āĻŽāύ: By God, I will never do it.

7. By + ----  āĻŦāĻžāĻ‚āϞāĻžā§Ÿ āĻĒāϰāĻŋāĻŽāĻžāĻĒ āĻŦ⧁āĻāĻžāϤ⧇  āĻŦāϏ⧇ -The room is 10 feet by 15 feet.

8. By + ----  āĻŦāĻžāĻ‚āϞāĻžā§Ÿ āĻ…āύ⧁āϝāĻžā§Ÿā§€/ āĻŽāĻžāĻ§ā§āϝāĻŽā§‡ āĻ…āĻ°ā§āĻĨ⧇ āĻŦāϏ⧇ -You are guilty by our law./ What is the time by your watch?

9. By + -- āĻŦāĻžāĻ‚āϞāĻžā§Ÿ āϧāĻžāϰāĻžāĻŦāĻžāĻšāĻŋāĻ•āϤāĻž āĻ…āĻ°ā§āĻĨ  āĻŦā§‹āĻāĻžāϤ⧇ āĻŦāϏ⧇ -His health is improving day by day.

10. By + ---- āĻ…āĻ™ā§āĻ— āĻĒā§āϰāĻ¤ā§āϝāĻ™ā§āϗ⧇ āϧāϰāĻž - I caught him by the ear.

                                                                        For

1. For +Noun/Pronoun, āĻŦāĻžāĻ‚āϞāĻžā§Ÿ āĻ…āĻ°ā§āĻĨ āĻšāĻŦ⧇ āϜāĻ¨ā§āϝ⧇ āϝ⧇āĻŽāύ: He bought a shirt for you.

                                                                              What can I do for you?

2. For + āĻ…āύāĻŋāĻ°ā§āĻĻāĻŋāĻˇā§āϟ āϏāĻŽā§Ÿ, āĻŦāĻžāĻ‚āϞāĻžā§Ÿ āĻ…āĻ°ā§āĻĨ āĻšāĻŦ⧇ āϧāϰāĻŋ⧟āĻž āϝ⧇āĻŽāύ:- Julia has been ill for three days.

                                                                He has been reading for an hour.

3. For + āĻ¸ā§āĻĨāĻžāύ, āĻŦāĻžāĻ‚āϞāĻžā§Ÿ āĻ…āĻ°ā§āĻĨ āĻšāĻŦ⧇ āωāĻĻā§āĻĻ⧇āĻļā§āϝ āĻŦāĻž āĻĻāĻŋāϕ⧇ -The ship has started for Singapore.

4. For + āĻŽā§āĻĻā§āϰāĻžāϰ āύāĻžāĻŽ, āĻŦāĻžāĻ‚āϞāĻžā§Ÿ āĻ…āĻ°ā§āĻĨ āĻšāĻŦ⧇ āĻŦāĻŋāύāĻŋāĻŽā§Ÿ -I have bought it for five taka.

                                                               How much have you paid for it?

5. For +Noun/Pronoun, āĻŦāĻžāĻ‚āϞāĻžā§Ÿ āĻ…āĻ°ā§āĻĨ āĻšāĻŦ⧇ āĻ•āĻžāϰāύ⧇ -We could not go out for rain.

                                                                         He was disqualified for mental disorder.

6. For +Noun/Pronoun, āĻŦāĻžāĻ‚āϞāĻžā§Ÿ āĻ…āĻ°ā§āĻĨ āĻšāĻŦ⧇ āĻĒāϰāĻŋāĻŦāĻ°ā§āϤ⧇ āĻŦā§‹āĻāĻžāϤ⧇ -He acted for his father.

                                                                                     He must attend the meeting for him.

7. For +Noun/Pronoun, āĻŦāĻžāĻ‚āϞāĻžā§Ÿ āĻ…āĻ°ā§āĻĨ āĻšāĻŦ⧇ āϏāĻ¤ā§āĻ¤ā§āĻŦ⧇āĻ“ -For all his riches, he is unhappy.

                                                                        For all my good qualities I could not do better.