Parts of speech-Conjunction

6. Parts of speech-Conjunction

Description is not applied here.

1. Classification-Coordinating Conjunction

The Conjunction

āϝ⧇ āϏāĻŦ Word āĻĻ⧁āϟāĻŋ word, clause, group of words āĻŦāĻž sentence āϕ⧇  join  āĻ•āϰ⧇āĨ¤

Classification: Conjunctions are of three types:

1. Co-ordinating conjunction

2.   Subordinating conjunction

3.   Correlative Conjunction

1.    Co-ordinating conjunction: āϝ⧇ āϏāĻŦ  Conjunction āĻĻ⧁āχ āĻŦāĻž āϤāϤ⧋āϧāĻŋāĻ• clause āϕ⧇ āϏāĻ‚āϝ⧁āĻ•ā§āϤ āĻ•āϰ⧇āĨ¤

āϝ⧇āĻŽāύāσ-- therefore, then, thus, however, only, while, whereas, nevertheless.

Example: I went to college and took the class. / He as well as his friends is lazy. / Walk fast or you will miss the bus.

Use of Some Co-ordinating Conjunction:

-But (āĻ•āĻŋāĻ¨ā§āϤ⧁):-- āχāĻšāĻž āĻĻ⧁āχāϟāĻŋ āĻŦāĻŋāϰ⧋āϧāĻŽā§‚āϞāĻ• āĻŦāĻžāĻ•ā§āϝ⧇āϰ āĻŽāĻžāĻāĻ–āĻžāύ⧇ āĻŦāϏāĻŦ⧇āĨ¤ āϝ⧇āĻŽāύāσ---He was intelligent but he was not selected. / He has much money but leads a simple life.

-And(āĻāĻŦāĻ‚):-āχāĻšāĻž āĻĻ⧁āχāϟāĻŋ āĻŦāĻžāĻ•ā§āϝ⧇āϰ āĻŽāĻ§ā§āϝāĻ–āĻžāύ⧇ āĻŦāϏ⧇ āĻāĻŦāĻ‚ āĻĻ⧁āχ āĻŦāĻžāĻ•ā§āϝ āĻĻā§āĻŦāĻžāϰāĻž āϏāĻŽāĻžāύ āĻ•āĻŋāϛ⧁ āĻŦ⧁āĻāĻžā§ŸāĨ¤āϝ⧇āĻŽāύāσ- He can read and write well. / Rahim took the pen and wrote a letter.

- As well as  : āĻĻ⧁āϟāĻŋ āϏāĻŽāϜāĻžāĻ¤ā§€ā§Ÿ  Structure āϕ⧇ āϝ⧁āĻ•ā§āϤ āĻ•āϰāϤ⧇  as well as āĻŦā§āϝāĻŦāĻšā§ƒāϤāĨ¤    as will as āĻāϰ āĻĒā§‚āĻ°ā§āĻŦ⧇ āϝ⧇  parts   of speech āĻŦā§āϝāĻŦāĻšā§ƒāϤ āĻšāĻŦ⧇  As will as āĻāϰ āĻĒāϰ⧇āĻ“ āϏ⧇āχ  parts  of speech āĻŦā§āϝāĻŦāĻšā§ƒāϤ āĻšāĻŦ⧇āĨ¤āϝ⧇āĻŽāύāσ Mr. Rashed is a noted chemist as well as an effective teacher .

-Or/Otherwise (āĻ…āĻ¨ā§āϝāĻĨāĻžā§Ÿ/āύāĻžāχāϤ⧇) :-āχāĻšāĻž āĻĻ⧁āχāϟāĻŋ āĻŦāĻžāĻ•ā§āϝ⧇āϰ āĻŽāĻ§ā§āϝāĻ–āĻžāύ⧇ āĻŦāϏ⧇ āĻāĻŦāĻ‚ Or/Otherwise āĻāϰ Subject āĻŦāϏāĻŦ⧇ āĻāĻŦāĻ‚ āϤāĻžāϰāĻĒāϰ Verb āĻŦāϏāĻŦ⧇āĨ¤ āϝ⧇āĻŽāύāσ- Do the work at once or you will be punished. / Read attentively or you will find.

-Yet (āϤāĻž āϏāĻ¤ā§āĻŦ⧇āĻ“ /āϤāĻĨāĻžāĻĒāĻŋāĻ“):-  āχāĻšāĻž āĻĻ⧁āχāϟāĻŋ āĻŦāĻžāĻ•ā§āϝ⧇āϰ āĻŽāĻ§ā§āϝāĻ–āĻžāύ⧇ āĻŦāϏ⧇  āϤāĻŦ⧇ āϏ⧇āϟāĻŋ āϏāĻ¤ā§āĻŦ⧇āĻ“ āύāĻŋāĻ°ā§āĻĻ⧇āĻļ āĻ•āϰ⧇āĨ¤ āϝ⧇āĻŽāύāσ He is poor. Yet he is happy.

-While (āĻ…āĻĨāϚ /āĻ…āĻ¨ā§āϝāĻĻāĻŋāϕ⧇) :- āχāĻšāĻž āĻĻ⧁āχāϟāĻŋ āĻŦāĻŋāĻĒāϰāĻŋāϤāϧāĻ°ā§āĻŽā§€ āĻŦāĻžāĻ•ā§āϝ⧇āϰ āĻŽāĻ§ā§āϝāĻ–āĻžāύ⧇ āĻŦāϏ⧇  āĨ¤ āϝ⧇āĻŽāύāσ- He passed the examination while his sister could not. / I like it while he does not like.

-Whereas  (āĻ…āĻĨāϚ /āĻ…āĻ¨ā§āϝāĻĻāĻŋāϕ⧇) :-  āχāĻšāĻž āĻĻ⧁āχāϟāĻŋ āĻŦāĻŋāĻĒāϰāĻŋāϤāϧāĻ°ā§āĻŽā§€ āĻŦāĻžāĻ•ā§āϝ⧇āϰ āĻŽāĻ§ā§āϝāĻ–āĻžāύ⧇ āĻŦāϏ⧇ āĻŦ⧈āĻĒāϰāĻŋāĻ¤ā§āĻŦ āĻ•āĻŋāϛ⧁ āύāĻŋāĻ°ā§āĻĻ⧇āĻļ āĻ•āϰ⧇ āĨ¤ āϝ⧇āĻŽāύāσ-He is rich whereas his brother is poor. / He plays cricket whereas I play football.

-Therefore : āϝ⧁āĻ•ā§āϤāĻŋ āύāĻŋāĻ°ā§āĻ­āϰ āĻĢāϞāĻžāĻĢāϞ āĻŦāĻ°ā§āĻŖāύāĻž āĻ•āϰāϤ⧇ therefore āĻŦā§āϝāĻŦāĻšā§ƒāϤ āĻšā§ŸāĨ¤ āϝ⧇āĻŽāύāσ- 2a  is equal to 10  and therefore a is equal to 5

 


2. Classification-Subordinating Conjunction

The Conjunction

āϝ⧇ āϏāĻŦ Word āĻĻ⧁āϟāĻŋ word, clause, group of words āĻŦāĻž sentence āϕ⧇  join  āĻ•āϰ⧇āĨ¤

Classification: Conjunctions are of three types:

1.   Co-ordinating conjunction

2.   Subordinating conjunction

3.   Correlative Conjunction

Subordinating conjunction: āϝ⧇ āϏāĻŦ Conjunction subordinate clause āϕ⧇  main-clause-āĻāϰ āϏāĻžāĻĨ⧇ āϏāĻ‚āϝ⧁āĻ•ā§āϤ āĻ•āϰ⧇ āĻāĻŦāĻ‚ āĻāϕ⧇ āĻ…āĻĒāϰ⧇āϰ āωāĻĒāϰ āύāĻŋāĻ°ā§āĻ­āϰāĻļā§€āϞ āĻĨāĻžāϕ⧇āĨ¤

Example:

  1. I had reached the college before the examination began.
  2. Don’t go out if it rains, I did not go because I did not know.
  3. It is one month since I received the letter.

Use of Some Subordinating Conjunction:

-That (āϝ⧇ āĻŦāĻž āϝāĻžāĻšāĻž):- āĻāϟāĻŋāϰ āĻ…āĻ°ā§āĻĨ āϝ⧇ āĻŦāĻž āϝāĻžāĻšāĻž āĻāϟāĻŋ āĻĻ⧁āϟāĻŋ āĻŦāĻžāĻ•ā§āϝ⧇āϰ āĻŽāĻ§ā§āϝāĻ–āĻžāύ⧇ āĻŦāϏāĻŦ⧇ āĻāĻŦāĻ‚ āϝ⧇ āĻŦāĻž āϝāĻžāĻšāĻž āĻ…āĻ°ā§āĻĨ āĻĒā§āϰāĻĻāĻžāύ āĻ•āϰāĻŦ⧇āĨ¤     

He says that he is honest. / Father told me that he won’t come. /I know that the earth is round.

-For (āĻ•āĻžāϰāύ⧇ āĻŦāĻž āĻ•āĻžāϰāĻŖ):- For āĻāϰ āĻŦāĻžāĻ‚āϞāĻž āĻ…āĻ°ā§āĻĨ āĻ•āĻžāϰāύ⧇ āĻŦāĻž āĻ•āĻžāϰāĻŖ āϝāĻ–āύ āĻāϟāĻŋ āĻĻ⧁āχāϟāĻŋ āĻŦāĻžāĻ•ā§āϝ⧇āϰ āĻŽāĻ§ā§āϝāĻ–āĻžāύ⧇ āĻŦāϏāĻŦ⧇ āϤāĻ–āύ āĻāϰ āĻ…āĻ°ā§āĻĨ āĻšāĻŦ⧇ āĻ•āĻžāϰāύ āφāϰ āϝāĻ–āύ āĻāϟāĻŋ āϕ⧋āύ Phrase  āĻāϰ āφāϗ⧇ āĻŦāϏāĻŦ⧇ āϤāĻ–āύ āĻāϟāĻŋāϰ āĻ…āĻ°ā§āĻĨ āĻšāĻŦ⧇ āĻ•āĻžāϰāύ⧇ āϤāĻŦ⧇ āĻĻ⧁āϟāĻŋ āĻŦāĻžāĻ•ā§āϝ⧇āϰ āĻŽāĻ§ā§āϝ⧇ āϝ⧇ āĻŦāĻžāĻ•ā§āϝāϟāĻŋ āĻĻā§āĻŦāĻžāϰāĻž āĻ•āĻžāϰāύ āĻŦ⧁āĻāĻžāĻšā§āϛ⧇ āϏ⧇āϟāĻŋāϰ āφāϗ⧇ āĻŦāϏāĻŦ⧇āĨ¤ He could not come for he was ill. /He does not know it for he is not present.

-Because  (āĻ•āĻžāϰāĻŖ):- āχāĻšāĻž āĻĻ⧁āχāϟāĻŋ āĻŦāĻžāĻ•ā§āϝ⧇āϰ āĻļ⧁āϰ⧁āϤ⧇ āĻŦāϏāϤ⧇ āĻĒāĻžāϰ⧇ āφāĻŦāĻžāϰ āĻĻ⧁āχāϟāĻŋ āĻŦāĻžāĻ•ā§āϝ⧇āϰ āĻŽāĻžāĻāĻ–āĻžāύ⧇āĻ“ āĻŦāϏāϤ⧇ āĻĒāĻžāϰ⧇āĨ¤ āϤāĻŦ⧇ āϏāĻ°ā§āĻŦāĻĻāĻžāχ āĻ¸ā§āĻŽāϰāĻŖ āϰāĻžāĻ–āĻŦ⧇ āĻĻ⧁āχ āĻŦāĻžāĻ•ā§āϝ⧇āϰ āĻŽāĻ§ā§āϝ⧇ āϝ⧇ āĻŦāĻžāĻ•ā§āϝ āĻĻā§āĻŦāĻžāϰāĻž āĻ•āĻžāϰāĻŖ āĻŦ⧁āĻāĻžāĻŦ⧇ āϤāĻžāϰ āφāϗ⧇ āĻŦāϏāĻŦ⧇āĨ¤ āϝ⧇āĻŽāύāσ- He was absent because his father was ill. /Because it is raining, I won’t go.

-Since/As / (āϝ⧇āĻšā§‡āϤ⧁...........āϏ⧇āĻšā§‡āϤ⧁ āĻŦāĻž āĻ•āĻžāϰāĻŖ):- āχāĻšāĻž āĻĻ⧁āχāϟāĻŋ āĻŦāĻžāĻ•ā§āϝ⧇āϰ āĻļ⧁āϰ⧁āϤ⧇ āĻŦāϏāϤ⧇ āĻĒāĻžāϰ⧇ āφāĻŦāĻžāϰ āĻĻ⧁āχāϟāĻŋ āĻŦāĻžāĻ•ā§āϝ⧇āϰ āĻŽāĻžāĻāĻ–āĻžāύ⧇āĻ“ āĻŦāϏāϤ⧇ āĻĒāĻžāϰ⧇āĨ¤ āϤāĻŦ⧇ āϏāĻ°ā§āĻŦāĻĻāĻžāχ āĻ¸ā§āĻŽāϰāĻŖ āϰāĻžāĻ–āĻŦ⧇ āĻĻ⧁āχ āĻŦāĻžāĻ•ā§āϝ⧇āϰ āĻŽāĻ§ā§āϝ⧇ āϝ⧇ āĻŦāĻžāĻ•ā§āϝ āĻĻā§āĻŦāĻžāϰāĻž āĻ•āĻžāϰāĻŖ āĻŦ⧁āĻāĻžāĻŦ⧇ āϤāĻžāϰ āφāϗ⧇ āĻŦāϏāĻŦ⧇āĨ¤ āϝ⧇āĻŽāύāσ- Since he was tired, he won’t go. /I came to see him as he has nobody to see.

-Though/ Although (āϝāĻĻāĻŋāĻ“........āϤāĻŦ⧁āĻ“):- āχāĻšāĻž āĻĻ⧁āχāϟāĻŋ āĻŦāĻžāĻ•ā§āϝ⧇āϰ āĻļ⧁āϰ⧁āϤ⧇ āĻŦāϏāϤ⧇ āĻĒāĻžāϰ⧇ āφāĻŦāĻžāϰ āĻĻ⧁āχāϟāĻŋ āĻŦāĻžāĻ•ā§āϝ⧇āϰ āĻŽāĻžāĻāĻ–āĻžāύ⧇āĻ“ āĻŦāϏāϤ⧇ āĻĒāĻžāϰ⧇āĨ¤ āϤāĻŦ⧇ āĻĻ⧁āχ āĻŦāĻžāĻ•ā§āϝ⧇āϰ āĻŽāĻ§ā§āϝ⧇ āϝ⧇ āĻŦāĻžāĻ•ā§āϝ āĻĻā§āĻŦāĻžāϰāĻž āϏāĻ¤ā§āĻŦ⧇āĻ“ āĻŦ⧁āĻāĻžāĻŦ⧇ āϤāĻžāϰ āφāϗ⧇ āĻŦāϏāĻŦ⧇ āĨ¤ āĻŦāĻžāĻ•ā§āϝ⧇ āϝ⧇ āϕ⧋āύāϟāĻŋ āφāϗ⧇ āĻŦāĻž āĻĒāϰ⧇ āϞ⧇āĻ–āĻž āϝāĻžā§ŸāĨ¤āϝ⧇āĻŽāύāσ- Though he had a lot, he wanted more. /He was punished though he was innocent.

-Before (āφāϗ⧇):- āχāĻšāĻž āĻĻ⧁āχāϟāĻŋ āĻŦāĻžāĻ•ā§āϝ⧇āϰ āĻŽāĻžāĻāĻ–āĻžāύ⧇ āĻŦāϏāĻŦ⧇āĨ¤ āϤāĻŦ⧇ Before āĻāϰ āφāϗ⧇āϰ āĻŦāĻžāĻ•ā§āϝāϟāĻž Past Perfect Tense (Subject+had+Past participle of Verb+ Object/Extension) āĻšāϞ⧇ āĻĒāϰ⧇āϰ āĻŦāĻžāĻ•ā§āϝāϟāĻž Past Indefinite Tense (Subject+Past form of the verb+Object/Extension) āĻšāĻŦ⧇ āφāϰ Before āĻāϰ āφāϗ⧇āϰ āĻŦāĻžāĻ•ā§āϝāϟāĻŋ Future Perfect Tense āĻšāϞ⧇ āĻāĻŦāĻ‚ Before āĻāϰ āĻĒāϰ⧇āϰ āĻŦāĻžāĻ•ā§āϝāϟāĻŋ Future Indefinite Tense āĻŦāĻž Present Indefinite Tense āĻšāĻŦ⧇ āϝ⧇āĻŽāύāσ- He had lost the pen before  he came here. /I will have done it before you came.

-After (āĻĒāϰ⧇):- āχāĻšāĻž āĻĻ⧁āχāϟāĻŋ āĻŦāĻžāĻ•ā§āϝ⧇āϰ āĻŽāĻžāĻāĻ–āĻžāύ⧇ āĻŦāϏāĻŦ⧇āĨ¤ āϤāĻŦ⧇  After āĻāϰ āφāϗ⧇āϰ āĻŦāĻžāĻ•ā§āϝāϟāĻž Indefinite Tense (Subject+Past form of the verb+Object/Extension) āĻšāϞ⧇ āĻĒāϰ⧇āϰ āĻŦāĻžāĻ•ā§āϝāϟāĻž Past Perfect Tense (Subject+had+Past participle of Verb+ Object/Extension) āĻšāĻŦ⧇ āφāϰ  After āĻāϰ āφāϗ⧇āϰ āĻŦāĻžāĻ•ā§āϝāϟāĻŋ

 Future Indefinite Tense ev Present Indefinite Tense āĻšāϞ⧇  After āĻāϰ āĻĒāϰ⧇āϰ āĻŦāĻžāĻ•ā§āϝāϟāĻŋ  Future Perfect Tense āĻšāĻŦ⧇āĨ¤ āϝ⧇āĻŽāύāσ-He came after I had come. /Father meets him after I will have reached.

-Lest (āϝāĻžāϤ⧇...........āύāĻž) :-āχāĻšāĻž āĻĻ⧁āχāϟāĻŋ āĻŦāĻžāĻ•ā§āϝ⧇āϰ āĻŽāĻ§ā§āϝāĻ–āĻžāύ⧇ āĻŦāϏ⧇ āĻāĻŦāĻ‚ Lest āĻāϰ Subject āĻŦāϏāĻŦ⧇ āĻāĻŦāĻ‚ āϤāĻžāϰāĻĒāϰ should āĻŦāϏāĻŦ⧇āĨ¤ āϝ⧇āĻŽāύāσ-He punished me lest I should tell a lie. /Walk fast lest you should miss the class.

-If (āϝāĻĻāĻŋ) :- āϕ⧋āύ āĻāĻ• āĻŦāĻŋāĻļ⧇āώ āĻ…āĻŦāĻ¸ā§āĻĨāĻžā§Ÿ āĻŦāĻž āĻļāĻ°ā§āϤ āĻĒā§āϰāĻ•āĻžāĻļ āĻ•āϰ⧇āĨ¤ āχāĻšāĻž āĻĻ⧁āχāϟāĻŋ āĻŦāĻžāĻ•ā§āϝ⧇āϰ āĻŽāĻ§ā§āϝāĻ–āĻžāύ⧇ āφāĻŦāĻžāϰ āĻļ⧁āϰ⧁āϤ⧇āĻ“ āĻŦāϏāϤ⧇ āĻĒāĻžāϰ⧇ āĨ¤ āϝ⧇āĻŽāύāσ- Water boils if you heat it to 100 Centigrade.

-Unless(āϝāĻĻāĻŋ...........āύāĻž) :-āχāĻšāĻž If āĻāϰ Negative āϰ⧂āĻĒāĨ¤ āχāĻšāĻž If āĻāϰ āĻŽāϤ āĻĻ⧁āχāϟāĻŋ āĻŦāĻžāĻ•ā§āϝ⧇āϰ āĻŽāĻ§ā§āϝāĻ–āĻžāύ⧇ āĻŦāϏāϤ⧇ āĻĒāĻžāϰ⧇ āφāĻŦāĻžāϰ āĻļ⧁āϰ⧁āϤ⧇āĻ“ āĻŦāϏāϤ⧇ āĻĒāĻžāϰ⧇ āϤāĻŦ⧇ āϝāĻ–āύ āĻāϗ⧁āϞāĻŋ āĻŦāĻžāĻ•ā§āϝ⧇ āĻŦāϏāĻŦ⧇ āϤāĻ–āύ If āĻāϰ āĻŽāϤ āĻ•āĻžāĻ āĻžāĻŽā§‹āĻ—āϤ āύāĻŋ⧟āĻŽ āĻ āĻŋāĻ• āĻĨāĻžāĻ•āĻŦ⧇āĨ¤

Unless you work hard, you will fail. /He will shine in life unless he works hard.

-Till (āĻĒāĻ°ā§āϝāĻ¨ā§āϤ) :- āχāĻšāĻž āĻĻ⧁āχāϟāĻŋ āĻŦāĻžāĻ•ā§āϝ⧇āϰ āĻŽāĻ§ā§āϝāĻ–āĻžāύ⧇  āĻŦāϏ⧇ āĻāĻŦāĻ‚ āĻĒāĻ°ā§āϝāĻ¨ā§āϤ āĻ…āĻ°ā§āĻĨ āĻĒā§āϰāĻĻāĻžāύ āĻ•āϰ⧇āĨ¤ āϝ⧇āĻŽāύāσ- He will wait for me till you come. /We shall nurse him till you come round.

-Until (āĻĒāĻ°ā§āϝāĻ¨ā§āϤ...........āύāĻž) :--āχāĻšāĻž Till āĻāϰ Negative āϰ⧂āĻĒāĨ¤ āχāĻšāĻž āĻĻ⧁āχāϟāĻŋ āĻŦāĻžāĻ•ā§āϝ⧇āϰ āĻŽāĻ§ā§āϝāĻ–āĻžāύ⧇ āĻŦāϏ⧇ āĻāĻŦāĻ‚ āĻĒāĻ°ā§āϝāĻ¨ā§āϤ......āύāĻž  āĻ…āĻ°ā§āĻĨ āĻĒā§āϰāĻĻāĻžāύ āĻ•āϰ⧇āĨ¤ āϝ⧇āĻŽāύāσ-He will wait for me until you come. /We shall nurse him until you come round.

-Since (āĻšāϞ):- āχāĻšāĻž āĻĻ⧁āχāϟāĻŋ āĻŦāĻžāĻ•ā§āϝ⧇āϰ āĻŽāĻ§ā§āϝāĻ–āĻžāύ⧇ āĻŦāϏ⧇ āĻāĻŦāĻ‚ āĻāĻ•āϟāĻŋ āĻ•āĻžāĻœā§‡āϰ āĻĒāϰ āφāϰ⧇āĻ•āϟāĻŋ āĻ•āĻžāϜ āĻ…āύ⧇āĻ• āĻĻāĻŋāύ āĻšāϞ āĻāĻŽāύ āĻ•āĻŋāϛ⧁ āύāĻŋāĻ°ā§āĻĻ⧇āĻļ āĻ•āϰ⧇āĨ¤ āϝ⧇āĻŽāύāσ- It is two years since he died. /Two months have passed since he left school.

-As if/ as though(āϝ⧇āύ) :-  āχāĻšāĻž āĻĻ⧁āχāϟāĻŋ āĻŦāĻžāĻ•ā§āϝ⧇āϰ āĻŽāĻ§ā§āϝāĻ–āĻžāύ⧇ āĻŦāϏ⧇ āĻāĻ•āϟāĻŋ āϤ⧁āϞāύāĻžāĻŽā§‚āϞāĻ• āĻ•āĻžāĻœā§‡āϰ āĻŦāĻ°ā§āĻŖāĻŖāĻž āĻĻā§‡ā§ŸāĻž āĻŦā§‚āĻāĻžā§Ÿ āĨ¤ āϝ⧇āĻŽāύāσ

He talks as if he were a mad. /He requested me as if he had done it.

-So.........that  (āĻāϤāχ...........āϝ⧇) :--āχāĻšāĻž āĻĻ⧁āχāϟāĻŋ āĻŦāĻžāĻ•ā§āϝ⧇āϰ āĻŽāĻ§ā§āϝāĻ–āĻžāύ⧇ āĻŦāϏ⧇ āϤāĻŦ⧇ āĻāϰ āĻĒāϰ āĻŦāϏ⧇ āĻāĻŦāĻ‚ āϤāĻžāϰāĻĒāϰ āĻŦāϏ⧇ āĻāĻŦāĻ‚ āĻāϰ āĻĒāϰ āĻĻā§āĻŦāĻŋāĻ¤ā§€ā§Ÿ āĻŦāĻžāĻ•ā§āϝāϟāĻŋ āĻŦāϏāĻŦ⧇āĨ¤āϝ⧇āĻŽāύāσ- Many farmers of our country are so poor that they can not keep body and soul together. /He was so honest that he didn’t take bribe.

-So that/that/ in order that (āϝāĻžāϤ⧇/ āϝāĻžāĻšāĻžāϤ⧇) :--āχāĻšāĻž āĻĻ⧁āχāϟāĻŋ āĻŦāĻžāĻ•ā§āϝ⧇āϰ āĻŽāĻ§ā§āϝāĻ–āĻžāύ⧇ āĻŦāϏ⧇ āĻāĻ–āĻžāύ⧇ āĻĒā§āϰāĻĨāĻŽ āĻŦāĻžāĻ•ā§āϝ āĻĻā§āĻŦāĻžāϰāĻž āĻ•āĻžāϰāĻŖ āĻāĻŦāĻ‚ āĻĻā§āĻŦāĻŋāĻ¤ā§€ā§Ÿ āĻŦāĻžāĻ•ā§āϝ āĻĢāϞ āĻŦ⧁āĻāĻžā§ŸāĨ¤ We eat so that we may live well. /He reads attentively so that he can make a good result.

 


3. Classification-Cor-relative Conjunction

The Conjunction

āϝ⧇ āϏāĻŦ Word āĻĻ⧁āϟāĻŋ word, clause, group of words āĻŦāĻž sentence āϕ⧇  join  āĻ•āϰ⧇āĨ¤

Classification: Conjunctions are of three types:

1.   Co-ordinating conjunction

2.   Subordinating conjunction

3.   Correlative Conjunction

            Correlative Conjunction: āϝ⧇ āϏāĻŦ Conjunction āĻœā§‹ā§œāĻžā§Ÿ āĻœā§‹ā§œāĻžā§Ÿ āĻŦāϏ⧇ āĻĻ⧁āϟāĻŋ Word, Clause āĻŦāĻž

Sentence  āϕ⧇ āĻĒāϰāĻ¸ā§āĻĒāϰ āϏāĻŽā§āĻĒāĻ°ā§āĻ• āϝ⧁āĻ•ā§āϤ āĻ•āϰ⧇āĨ¤  Example: Both Salim and his brother are absent today. / The day was either wit or dry. /The field is so small that I cannot play.

Use of Some Correlative Conjunction:

-Whether ----or (āĻ•āĻŋ...........āύāĻž) :- āχāĻšāĻž āĻĻ⧁āχāϟāĻŋ āĻŦāĻŋāĻ•āĻ˛ā§āĻĒ āϚāĻŋāĻ¨ā§āϤāĻž āĻŦāĻž āĻ•āĻžāĻœā§‡āϰ āĻ•ā§āώ⧇āĻ¤ā§āϰ⧇ āĻŦāϏ⧇āĨ¤āϝ⧇āĻŽāύāσ-  I don’t know you whether he will come or not. / I asked him whether he knows it or not.

-No sooner had..................than/ Hardly had...........when / Scarcely had.......when/before (āύāĻž.....āϤ⧇āχ........) :- āĻāĻ•āϟāĻŋ āĻ•āĻžāϜ āĻļ⧇āώ āĻšāϤ⧇ āύāĻž āĻšāϤ⧇āχ āφāϰ⧇āĻ•āϟāĻŋ āĻ•āĻžāϜ āφāϰāĻŽā§āĻ­ āĻšā§Ÿā§‡ āϗ⧇āϞ āĻ āϰāĻ•āĻŽ āĻ…āĻ°ā§āĻĨ āĻĒā§āϰāĻĻāĻžāύ āĻ•āϰāϤ⧇ āĻŦāĻžāĻ•ā§āϝ⧇āϰ āĻļ⧁āϰ⧁āϤ⧇

No sooner had āĻŦāϏ⧇ āĻāĻŦāĻ‚ āϝāĻĻāĻŋ āĻļ⧁āϰ⧁āϤ⧇ No sooner had āĻŦāϏ⧇ āϤāĻžāĻšāϞ⧇ āĻŦāĻžāĻ•ā§āϝ⧇āϰ āĻŽāĻ§ā§āϝāĻ–āĻžāύ⧇  than āĻŦāϏ⧇ āĻāĻŦāĻ‚ āϤāĻžāϰāĻĒāϰ āĻĻā§āĻŦāĻŋāĻ¤ā§€ā§Ÿ āĻŦāĻžāĻ•ā§āϝāϟāĻŋ āĻŦāϏāĻŦ⧇ āĻ āĻŋāĻ• āĻāĻ•āχāĻ­āĻžāĻŦ⧇ āϝāĻĻāĻŋ āĻŦāĻžāĻ•ā§āϝ⧇āϰ āĻļ⧁āϰ⧁āϤ⧇ Scarcely had āφāϏ⧇ āϤāĻžāĻšāϞ⧇ āĻŦāĻžāĻ•ā§āϝ⧇āϰ āĻŽāĻ§ā§āϝāĻ–āĻžāύ⧇

when āĻŦāϏ⧇ āĻāĻŦāĻ‚ āϤāĻžāϰāĻĒāϰ āĻĻā§āĻŦāĻŋāĻ¤ā§€ā§Ÿ āĻŦāĻžāĻ•ā§āϝāϟāĻŋ āĻŦāϏāĻŦ⧇ āĻ āĻŋāĻ• āĻāĻ•āχāĻ­āĻžāĻŦ⧇ āϝāĻĻāĻŋ āĻŦāĻžāĻ•ā§āϝ⧇āϰ āĻļ⧁āϰ⧁āϤ⧇ Hardly had āφāϏ⧇ āϤāĻžāĻšāϞ⧇ āĻŦāĻžāĻ•ā§āϝ⧇āϰ āĻŽāĻ§ā§āϝāĻ–āĻžāύ⧇ before āĻŦāϏ⧇ āĻāĻŦāĻ‚ āϤāĻžāϰāĻĒāϰ āĻĻā§āĻŦāĻŋāĻ¤ā§€ā§Ÿ āĻŦāĻžāĻ•ā§āϝāϟāĻŋ āĻŦāϏāĻŦ⧇

No sooner had he seen me than he ran away. /Scarcely had we reached the station when the train left. /Hardly had he started reading before the electricity was off.

-Not only.......but also (āĻļ⧁āϧ⧁ ...āύ⧟..āĻŦāϰāĻ‚..āĻŦāĻŸā§‡):-  āχāĻšāĻž āĻĻ⧁āχāϟāĻŋ āĻŦāĻžāĻ•ā§āϝ⧇āϰ āĻļ⧁āϰ⧁āϤ⧇ āĻŦāĻž āĻļ⧇āώ⧇ āĻŦāĻž āĻŽāĻ§ā§āϝāĻ–āĻžāύ⧇ āĻŦāϏāϤ⧇ āĻĒāĻžāϰ⧇āĨ¤

Not only he but also his brother saw it. / He not only ate rice but also took rest. / I have taken not only a pen but also a book.

-Both........... and (āωāĻ­ā§Ÿā§‡āχ):-  āχāĻšāĻž Not only.......but also āĻāϰ āĻŽāϤ āĻĻ⧁āχāϟāĻŋ āĻŦāĻžāĻ•ā§āϝ⧇āϰ āĻļ⧁āϰ⧁āϤ⧇ āĻŦāĻž āĻļ⧇āώ⧇ āĻŦāĻž āĻŽāĻ§ā§āϝāĻ–āĻžāύ⧇ āĻŦāϏāϤ⧇ āĻĒāĻžāϰ⧇āĨ¤ Both Rana and Raju came here. / I know both you and your brother.

-Either...or (āĻšā§Ÿ....āĻāϟāĻž āύāĻž...āĻšā§Ÿ...āĻ“āϟāĻž):-  āχāĻšāĻž āĻŦāĻžāĻ•ā§āϝ⧇āϰ āĻ…āĻŦāĻ¸ā§āĻĨāĻžāύ⧁āϝāĻžā§Ÿā§€ āĻŦāϏāĻŦ⧇āĨ¤ Either you or he came. / He will either do it or go there.

-Neither.....nor (āĻāϟāĻžāĻ“...āύāĻž...āĻ“āϟāĻžāĻ“..āύāĻž):-  āχāĻšāĻž āĻŦāĻžāĻ•ā§āϝ⧇āϰ āĻ…āĻŦāĻ¸ā§āĻĨāĻžāύ⧁āϝāĻžā§Ÿā§€ āĻŦāϏāĻŦ⧇āĨ¤ Neither the boy nor his brother came. / He knows neither him nor his father.