Parts of speech-Conjunction
6. Parts of speech-Conjunction
Description is not applied here.
The Conjunction
āϝ⧠āϏāĻŦ Word āĻĻā§āĻāĻŋ word, clause, group of words āĻŦāĻž sentence āĻā§ join āĻāϰā§āĨ¤
Classification: Conjunctions are of three types:
1. Co-ordinating conjunction
2. Subordinating conjunction
3. Correlative Conjunction
1. Co-ordinating conjunction: āϝ⧠āϏāĻŦ Conjunction āĻĻā§āĻ āĻŦāĻž āϤāϤā§āϧāĻŋāĻ clause āĻā§ āϏāĻāϝā§āĻā§āϤ āĻāϰā§āĨ¤
āϝā§āĻŽāύāĻ-- therefore, then, thus, however, only, while, whereas, nevertheless.
Example: I went to college and took the class. / He as well as his friends is lazy. / Walk fast or you will miss the bus.
Use of Some Co-ordinating Conjunction:
-But (āĻāĻŋāύā§āϤā§):-- āĻāĻšāĻž āĻĻā§āĻāĻāĻŋ āĻŦāĻŋāϰā§āϧāĻŽā§āϞāĻ āĻŦāĻžāĻā§āϝā§āϰ āĻŽāĻžāĻāĻāĻžāύ⧠āĻŦāϏāĻŦā§āĨ¤ āϝā§āĻŽāύāĻ---He was intelligent but he was not selected. / He has much money but leads a simple life.
-And(āĻāĻŦāĻ):-āĻāĻšāĻž āĻĻā§āĻāĻāĻŋ āĻŦāĻžāĻā§āϝā§āϰ āĻŽāϧā§āϝāĻāĻžāύ⧠āĻŦāϏ⧠āĻāĻŦāĻ āĻĻā§āĻ āĻŦāĻžāĻā§āϝ āĻĻā§āĻŦāĻžāϰāĻž āϏāĻŽāĻžāύ āĻāĻŋāĻā§ āĻŦā§āĻāĻžā§āĨ¤āϝā§āĻŽāύāĻ- He can read and write well. / Rahim took the pen and wrote a letter.
- As well as : āĻĻā§āĻāĻŋ āϏāĻŽāĻāĻžāϤā§ā§ Structure āĻā§ āϝā§āĻā§āϤ āĻāϰāϤ⧠as well as āĻŦā§āϝāĻŦāĻšā§āϤāĨ¤ as will as āĻāϰ āĻĒā§āϰā§āĻŦā§ āϝ⧠parts of speech āĻŦā§āϝāĻŦāĻšā§āϤ āĻšāĻŦā§ As will as āĻāϰ āĻĒāϰā§āĻ āϏā§āĻ parts of speech āĻŦā§āϝāĻŦāĻšā§āϤ āĻšāĻŦā§āĨ¤āϝā§āĻŽāύāĻ Mr. Rashed is a noted chemist as well as an effective teacher .
-Or/Otherwise (āĻ āύā§āϝāĻĨāĻžā§/āύāĻžāĻāϤā§) :-āĻāĻšāĻž āĻĻā§āĻāĻāĻŋ āĻŦāĻžāĻā§āϝā§āϰ āĻŽāϧā§āϝāĻāĻžāύ⧠āĻŦāϏ⧠āĻāĻŦāĻ Or/Otherwise āĻāϰ Subject āĻŦāϏāĻŦā§ āĻāĻŦāĻ āϤāĻžāϰāĻĒāϰ Verb āĻŦāϏāĻŦā§āĨ¤ āϝā§āĻŽāύāĻ- Do the work at once or you will be punished. / Read attentively or you will find.
-Yet (āϤāĻž āϏāϤā§āĻŦā§āĻ /āϤāĻĨāĻžāĻĒāĻŋāĻ):- āĻāĻšāĻž āĻĻā§āĻāĻāĻŋ āĻŦāĻžāĻā§āϝā§āϰ āĻŽāϧā§āϝāĻāĻžāύ⧠āĻŦāϏ⧠āϤāĻŦā§ āϏā§āĻāĻŋ āϏāϤā§āĻŦā§āĻ āύāĻŋāϰā§āĻĻā§āĻļ āĻāϰā§āĨ¤ āϝā§āĻŽāύāĻ He is poor. Yet he is happy.
-While (āĻ āĻĨāĻ /āĻ āύā§āϝāĻĻāĻŋāĻā§) :- āĻāĻšāĻž āĻĻā§āĻāĻāĻŋ āĻŦāĻŋāĻĒāϰāĻŋāϤāϧāϰā§āĻŽā§ āĻŦāĻžāĻā§āϝā§āϰ āĻŽāϧā§āϝāĻāĻžāύ⧠āĻŦāϏ⧠āĨ¤ āϝā§āĻŽāύāĻ- He passed the examination while his sister could not. / I like it while he does not like.
-Whereas (āĻ āĻĨāĻ /āĻ āύā§āϝāĻĻāĻŋāĻā§) :- āĻāĻšāĻž āĻĻā§āĻāĻāĻŋ āĻŦāĻŋāĻĒāϰāĻŋāϤāϧāϰā§āĻŽā§ āĻŦāĻžāĻā§āϝā§āϰ āĻŽāϧā§āϝāĻāĻžāύ⧠āĻŦāϏ⧠āĻŦā§āĻĒāϰāĻŋāϤā§āĻŦ āĻāĻŋāĻā§ āύāĻŋāϰā§āĻĻā§āĻļ āĻāϰ⧠āĨ¤ āϝā§āĻŽāύāĻ-He is rich whereas his brother is poor. / He plays cricket whereas I play football.
-Therefore : āϝā§āĻā§āϤāĻŋ āύāĻŋāϰā§āĻāϰ āĻĢāϞāĻžāĻĢāϞ āĻŦāϰā§āĻŖāύāĻž āĻāϰāϤ⧠therefore āĻŦā§āϝāĻŦāĻšā§āϤ āĻšā§āĨ¤ āϝā§āĻŽāύāĻ- 2a is equal to 10 and therefore a is equal to 5
2. Classification-Subordinating Conjunction
The Conjunction
āϝ⧠āϏāĻŦ Word āĻĻā§āĻāĻŋ word, clause, group of words āĻŦāĻž sentence āĻā§ join āĻāϰā§āĨ¤
Classification: Conjunctions are of three types:
1. Co-ordinating conjunction
2. Subordinating conjunction
3. Correlative Conjunction
Subordinating conjunction: āϝ⧠āϏāĻŦ Conjunction subordinate clause āĻā§ main-clause-āĻāϰ āϏāĻžāĻĨā§ āϏāĻāϝā§āĻā§āϤ āĻāϰ⧠āĻāĻŦāĻ āĻāĻā§ āĻ āĻĒāϰā§āϰ āĻāĻĒāϰ āύāĻŋāϰā§āĻāϰāĻļā§āϞ āĻĨāĻžāĻā§āĨ¤
Example:
- I had reached the college before the examination began.
- Don’t go out if it rains, I did not go because I did not know.
- It is one month since I received the letter.
Use of Some Subordinating Conjunction:
-That (āϝ⧠āĻŦāĻž āϝāĻžāĻšāĻž):- āĻāĻāĻŋāϰ āĻ āϰā§āĻĨ āϝ⧠āĻŦāĻž āϝāĻžāĻšāĻž āĻāĻāĻŋ āĻĻā§āĻāĻŋ āĻŦāĻžāĻā§āϝā§āϰ āĻŽāϧā§āϝāĻāĻžāύ⧠āĻŦāϏāĻŦā§ āĻāĻŦāĻ āϝ⧠āĻŦāĻž āϝāĻžāĻšāĻž āĻ āϰā§āĻĨ āĻĒā§āϰāĻĻāĻžāύ āĻāϰāĻŦā§āĨ¤
He says that he is honest. / Father told me that he won’t come. /I know that the earth is round.
-For (āĻāĻžāϰāύ⧠āĻŦāĻž āĻāĻžāϰāĻŖ):- For āĻāϰ āĻŦāĻžāĻāϞāĻž āĻ āϰā§āĻĨ āĻāĻžāϰāύ⧠āĻŦāĻž āĻāĻžāϰāĻŖ āϝāĻāύ āĻāĻāĻŋ āĻĻā§āĻāĻāĻŋ āĻŦāĻžāĻā§āϝā§āϰ āĻŽāϧā§āϝāĻāĻžāύ⧠āĻŦāϏāĻŦā§ āϤāĻāύ āĻāϰ āĻ āϰā§āĻĨ āĻšāĻŦā§ āĻāĻžāϰāύ āĻāϰ āϝāĻāύ āĻāĻāĻŋ āĻā§āύ Phrase āĻāϰ āĻāĻā§ āĻŦāϏāĻŦā§ āϤāĻāύ āĻāĻāĻŋāϰ āĻ āϰā§āĻĨ āĻšāĻŦā§ āĻāĻžāϰāύ⧠āϤāĻŦā§ āĻĻā§āĻāĻŋ āĻŦāĻžāĻā§āϝā§āϰ āĻŽāϧā§āϝ⧠āϝ⧠āĻŦāĻžāĻā§āϝāĻāĻŋ āĻĻā§āĻŦāĻžāϰāĻž āĻāĻžāϰāύ āĻŦā§āĻāĻžāĻā§āĻā§ āϏā§āĻāĻŋāϰ āĻāĻā§ āĻŦāϏāĻŦā§āĨ¤ He could not come for he was ill. /He does not know it for he is not present.
-Because (āĻāĻžāϰāĻŖ):- āĻāĻšāĻž āĻĻā§āĻāĻāĻŋ āĻŦāĻžāĻā§āϝā§āϰ āĻļā§āϰā§āϤ⧠āĻŦāϏāϤ⧠āĻĒāĻžāϰ⧠āĻāĻŦāĻžāϰ āĻĻā§āĻāĻāĻŋ āĻŦāĻžāĻā§āϝā§āϰ āĻŽāĻžāĻāĻāĻžāύā§āĻ āĻŦāϏāϤ⧠āĻĒāĻžāϰā§āĨ¤ āϤāĻŦā§ āϏāϰā§āĻŦāĻĻāĻžāĻ āϏā§āĻŽāϰāĻŖ āϰāĻžāĻāĻŦā§ āĻĻā§āĻ āĻŦāĻžāĻā§āϝā§āϰ āĻŽāϧā§āϝ⧠āϝ⧠āĻŦāĻžāĻā§āϝ āĻĻā§āĻŦāĻžāϰāĻž āĻāĻžāϰāĻŖ āĻŦā§āĻāĻžāĻŦā§ āϤāĻžāϰ āĻāĻā§ āĻŦāϏāĻŦā§āĨ¤ āϝā§āĻŽāύāĻ- He was absent because his father was ill. /Because it is raining, I won’t go.
-Since/As / (āϝā§āĻšā§āϤā§...........āϏā§āĻšā§āϤ⧠āĻŦāĻž āĻāĻžāϰāĻŖ):- āĻāĻšāĻž āĻĻā§āĻāĻāĻŋ āĻŦāĻžāĻā§āϝā§āϰ āĻļā§āϰā§āϤ⧠āĻŦāϏāϤ⧠āĻĒāĻžāϰ⧠āĻāĻŦāĻžāϰ āĻĻā§āĻāĻāĻŋ āĻŦāĻžāĻā§āϝā§āϰ āĻŽāĻžāĻāĻāĻžāύā§āĻ āĻŦāϏāϤ⧠āĻĒāĻžāϰā§āĨ¤ āϤāĻŦā§ āϏāϰā§āĻŦāĻĻāĻžāĻ āϏā§āĻŽāϰāĻŖ āϰāĻžāĻāĻŦā§ āĻĻā§āĻ āĻŦāĻžāĻā§āϝā§āϰ āĻŽāϧā§āϝ⧠āϝ⧠āĻŦāĻžāĻā§āϝ āĻĻā§āĻŦāĻžāϰāĻž āĻāĻžāϰāĻŖ āĻŦā§āĻāĻžāĻŦā§ āϤāĻžāϰ āĻāĻā§ āĻŦāϏāĻŦā§āĨ¤ āϝā§āĻŽāύāĻ- Since he was tired, he won’t go. /I came to see him as he has nobody to see.
-Though/ Although (āϝāĻĻāĻŋāĻ........āϤāĻŦā§āĻ):- āĻāĻšāĻž āĻĻā§āĻāĻāĻŋ āĻŦāĻžāĻā§āϝā§āϰ āĻļā§āϰā§āϤ⧠āĻŦāϏāϤ⧠āĻĒāĻžāϰ⧠āĻāĻŦāĻžāϰ āĻĻā§āĻāĻāĻŋ āĻŦāĻžāĻā§āϝā§āϰ āĻŽāĻžāĻāĻāĻžāύā§āĻ āĻŦāϏāϤ⧠āĻĒāĻžāϰā§āĨ¤ āϤāĻŦā§ āĻĻā§āĻ āĻŦāĻžāĻā§āϝā§āϰ āĻŽāϧā§āϝ⧠āϝ⧠āĻŦāĻžāĻā§āϝ āĻĻā§āĻŦāĻžāϰāĻž āϏāϤā§āĻŦā§āĻ āĻŦā§āĻāĻžāĻŦā§ āϤāĻžāϰ āĻāĻā§ āĻŦāϏāĻŦā§ āĨ¤ āĻŦāĻžāĻā§āϝ⧠āϝ⧠āĻā§āύāĻāĻŋ āĻāĻā§ āĻŦāĻž āĻĒāϰ⧠āϞā§āĻāĻž āϝāĻžā§āĨ¤āϝā§āĻŽāύāĻ- Though he had a lot, he wanted more. /He was punished though he was innocent.
-Before (āĻāĻā§):- āĻāĻšāĻž āĻĻā§āĻāĻāĻŋ āĻŦāĻžāĻā§āϝā§āϰ āĻŽāĻžāĻāĻāĻžāύ⧠āĻŦāϏāĻŦā§āĨ¤ āϤāĻŦā§ Before āĻāϰ āĻāĻā§āϰ āĻŦāĻžāĻā§āϝāĻāĻž Past Perfect Tense (Subject+had+Past participle of Verb+ Object/Extension) āĻšāϞ⧠āĻĒāϰā§āϰ āĻŦāĻžāĻā§āϝāĻāĻž Past Indefinite Tense (Subject+Past form of the verb+Object/Extension) āĻšāĻŦā§ āĻāϰ Before āĻāϰ āĻāĻā§āϰ āĻŦāĻžāĻā§āϝāĻāĻŋ Future Perfect Tense āĻšāϞ⧠āĻāĻŦāĻ Before āĻāϰ āĻĒāϰā§āϰ āĻŦāĻžāĻā§āϝāĻāĻŋ Future Indefinite Tense āĻŦāĻž Present Indefinite Tense āĻšāĻŦā§ āϝā§āĻŽāύāĻ- He had lost the pen before he came here. /I will have done it before you came.
-After (āĻĒāϰā§):- āĻāĻšāĻž āĻĻā§āĻāĻāĻŋ āĻŦāĻžāĻā§āϝā§āϰ āĻŽāĻžāĻāĻāĻžāύ⧠āĻŦāϏāĻŦā§āĨ¤ āϤāĻŦā§ After āĻāϰ āĻāĻā§āϰ āĻŦāĻžāĻā§āϝāĻāĻž Indefinite Tense (Subject+Past form of the verb+Object/Extension) āĻšāϞ⧠āĻĒāϰā§āϰ āĻŦāĻžāĻā§āϝāĻāĻž Past Perfect Tense (Subject+had+Past participle of Verb+ Object/Extension) āĻšāĻŦā§ āĻāϰ After āĻāϰ āĻāĻā§āϰ āĻŦāĻžāĻā§āϝāĻāĻŋ
Future Indefinite Tense ev Present Indefinite Tense āĻšāϞ⧠After āĻāϰ āĻĒāϰā§āϰ āĻŦāĻžāĻā§āϝāĻāĻŋ Future Perfect Tense āĻšāĻŦā§āĨ¤ āϝā§āĻŽāύāĻ-He came after I had come. /Father meets him after I will have reached.
-Lest (āϝāĻžāϤā§...........āύāĻž) :-āĻāĻšāĻž āĻĻā§āĻāĻāĻŋ āĻŦāĻžāĻā§āϝā§āϰ āĻŽāϧā§āϝāĻāĻžāύ⧠āĻŦāϏ⧠āĻāĻŦāĻ Lest āĻāϰ Subject āĻŦāϏāĻŦā§ āĻāĻŦāĻ āϤāĻžāϰāĻĒāϰ should āĻŦāϏāĻŦā§āĨ¤ āϝā§āĻŽāύāĻ-He punished me lest I should tell a lie. /Walk fast lest you should miss the class.
-If (āϝāĻĻāĻŋ) :- āĻā§āύ āĻāĻ āĻŦāĻŋāĻļā§āώ āĻ āĻŦāϏā§āĻĨāĻžā§ āĻŦāĻž āĻļāϰā§āϤ āĻĒā§āϰāĻāĻžāĻļ āĻāϰā§āĨ¤ āĻāĻšāĻž āĻĻā§āĻāĻāĻŋ āĻŦāĻžāĻā§āϝā§āϰ āĻŽāϧā§āϝāĻāĻžāύ⧠āĻāĻŦāĻžāϰ āĻļā§āϰā§āϤā§āĻ āĻŦāϏāϤ⧠āĻĒāĻžāϰ⧠āĨ¤ āϝā§āĻŽāύāĻ- Water boils if you heat it to 100 Centigrade.
-Unless(āϝāĻĻāĻŋ...........āύāĻž) :-āĻāĻšāĻž If āĻāϰ Negative āϰā§āĻĒāĨ¤ āĻāĻšāĻž If āĻāϰ āĻŽāϤ āĻĻā§āĻāĻāĻŋ āĻŦāĻžāĻā§āϝā§āϰ āĻŽāϧā§āϝāĻāĻžāύ⧠āĻŦāϏāϤ⧠āĻĒāĻžāϰ⧠āĻāĻŦāĻžāϰ āĻļā§āϰā§āϤā§āĻ āĻŦāϏāϤ⧠āĻĒāĻžāϰ⧠āϤāĻŦā§ āϝāĻāύ āĻāĻā§āϞāĻŋ āĻŦāĻžāĻā§āϝ⧠āĻŦāϏāĻŦā§ āϤāĻāύ If āĻāϰ āĻŽāϤ āĻāĻžāĻ āĻžāĻŽā§āĻāϤ āύāĻŋā§āĻŽ āĻ āĻŋāĻ āĻĨāĻžāĻāĻŦā§āĨ¤
Unless you work hard, you will fail. /He will shine in life unless he works hard.
-Till (āĻĒāϰā§āϝāύā§āϤ) :- āĻāĻšāĻž āĻĻā§āĻāĻāĻŋ āĻŦāĻžāĻā§āϝā§āϰ āĻŽāϧā§āϝāĻāĻžāύ⧠āĻŦāϏ⧠āĻāĻŦāĻ āĻĒāϰā§āϝāύā§āϤ āĻ āϰā§āĻĨ āĻĒā§āϰāĻĻāĻžāύ āĻāϰā§āĨ¤ āϝā§āĻŽāύāĻ- He will wait for me till you come. /We shall nurse him till you come round.
-Until (āĻĒāϰā§āϝāύā§āϤ...........āύāĻž) :--āĻāĻšāĻž Till āĻāϰ Negative āϰā§āĻĒāĨ¤ āĻāĻšāĻž āĻĻā§āĻāĻāĻŋ āĻŦāĻžāĻā§āϝā§āϰ āĻŽāϧā§āϝāĻāĻžāύ⧠āĻŦāϏ⧠āĻāĻŦāĻ āĻĒāϰā§āϝāύā§āϤ......āύāĻž āĻ āϰā§āĻĨ āĻĒā§āϰāĻĻāĻžāύ āĻāϰā§āĨ¤ āϝā§āĻŽāύāĻ-He will wait for me until you come. /We shall nurse him until you come round.
-Since (āĻšāϞ):- āĻāĻšāĻž āĻĻā§āĻāĻāĻŋ āĻŦāĻžāĻā§āϝā§āϰ āĻŽāϧā§āϝāĻāĻžāύ⧠āĻŦāϏ⧠āĻāĻŦāĻ āĻāĻāĻāĻŋ āĻāĻžāĻā§āϰ āĻĒāϰ āĻāϰā§āĻāĻāĻŋ āĻāĻžāĻ āĻ āύā§āĻ āĻĻāĻŋāύ āĻšāϞ āĻāĻŽāύ āĻāĻŋāĻā§ āύāĻŋāϰā§āĻĻā§āĻļ āĻāϰā§āĨ¤ āϝā§āĻŽāύāĻ- It is two years since he died. /Two months have passed since he left school.
-As if/ as though(āϝā§āύ) :- āĻāĻšāĻž āĻĻā§āĻāĻāĻŋ āĻŦāĻžāĻā§āϝā§āϰ āĻŽāϧā§āϝāĻāĻžāύ⧠āĻŦāϏ⧠āĻāĻāĻāĻŋ āϤā§āϞāύāĻžāĻŽā§āϞāĻ āĻāĻžāĻā§āϰ āĻŦāϰā§āĻŖāĻŖāĻž āĻĻā§ā§āĻž āĻŦā§āĻāĻžā§ āĨ¤ āϝā§āĻŽāύāĻ
He talks as if he were a mad. /He requested me as if he had done it.
-So.........that (āĻāϤāĻ...........āϝā§) :--āĻāĻšāĻž āĻĻā§āĻāĻāĻŋ āĻŦāĻžāĻā§āϝā§āϰ āĻŽāϧā§āϝāĻāĻžāύ⧠āĻŦāϏ⧠āϤāĻŦā§ āĻāϰ āĻĒāϰ āĻŦāϏ⧠āĻāĻŦāĻ āϤāĻžāϰāĻĒāϰ āĻŦāϏ⧠āĻāĻŦāĻ āĻāϰ āĻĒāϰ āĻĻā§āĻŦāĻŋāϤā§ā§ āĻŦāĻžāĻā§āϝāĻāĻŋ āĻŦāϏāĻŦā§āĨ¤āϝā§āĻŽāύāĻ- Many farmers of our country are so poor that they can not keep body and soul together. /He was so honest that he didn’t take bribe.
-So that/that/ in order that (āϝāĻžāϤā§/ āϝāĻžāĻšāĻžāϤā§) :--āĻāĻšāĻž āĻĻā§āĻāĻāĻŋ āĻŦāĻžāĻā§āϝā§āϰ āĻŽāϧā§āϝāĻāĻžāύ⧠āĻŦāϏ⧠āĻāĻāĻžāύ⧠āĻĒā§āϰāĻĨāĻŽ āĻŦāĻžāĻā§āϝ āĻĻā§āĻŦāĻžāϰāĻž āĻāĻžāϰāĻŖ āĻāĻŦāĻ āĻĻā§āĻŦāĻŋāϤā§ā§ āĻŦāĻžāĻā§āϝ āĻĢāϞ āĻŦā§āĻāĻžā§āĨ¤ We eat so that we may live well. /He reads attentively so that he can make a good result.
3. Classification-Cor-relative Conjunction
The Conjunction
āϝ⧠āϏāĻŦ Word āĻĻā§āĻāĻŋ word, clause, group of words āĻŦāĻž sentence āĻā§ join āĻāϰā§āĨ¤
Classification: Conjunctions are of three types:
1. Co-ordinating conjunction
2. Subordinating conjunction
3. Correlative Conjunction
Correlative Conjunction: āϝ⧠āϏāĻŦ Conjunction āĻā§ā§āĻžā§ āĻā§ā§āĻžā§ āĻŦāϏ⧠āĻĻā§āĻāĻŋ Word, Clause āĻŦāĻž
Sentence āĻā§ āĻĒāϰāϏā§āĻĒāϰ āϏāĻŽā§āĻĒāϰā§āĻ āϝā§āĻā§āϤ āĻāϰā§āĨ¤ Example: Both Salim and his brother are absent today. / The day was either wit or dry. /The field is so small that I cannot play.
Use of Some Correlative Conjunction:
-Whether ----or (āĻāĻŋ...........āύāĻž) :- āĻāĻšāĻž āĻĻā§āĻāĻāĻŋ āĻŦāĻŋāĻāϞā§āĻĒ āĻāĻŋāύā§āϤāĻž āĻŦāĻž āĻāĻžāĻā§āϰ āĻā§āώā§āϤā§āϰ⧠āĻŦāϏā§āĨ¤āϝā§āĻŽāύāĻ- I don’t know you whether he will come or not. / I asked him whether he knows it or not.
-No sooner had..................than/ Hardly had...........when / Scarcely had.......when/before (āύāĻž.....āϤā§āĻ........) :- āĻāĻāĻāĻŋ āĻāĻžāĻ āĻļā§āώ āĻšāϤ⧠āύāĻž āĻšāϤā§āĻ āĻāϰā§āĻāĻāĻŋ āĻāĻžāĻ āĻāϰāĻŽā§āĻ āĻšā§ā§ āĻā§āϞ āĻ āϰāĻāĻŽ āĻ āϰā§āĻĨ āĻĒā§āϰāĻĻāĻžāύ āĻāϰāϤ⧠āĻŦāĻžāĻā§āϝā§āϰ āĻļā§āϰā§āϤā§
No sooner had āĻŦāϏ⧠āĻāĻŦāĻ āϝāĻĻāĻŋ āĻļā§āϰā§āϤ⧠No sooner had āĻŦāϏ⧠āϤāĻžāĻšāϞ⧠āĻŦāĻžāĻā§āϝā§āϰ āĻŽāϧā§āϝāĻāĻžāύ⧠than āĻŦāϏ⧠āĻāĻŦāĻ āϤāĻžāϰāĻĒāϰ āĻĻā§āĻŦāĻŋāϤā§ā§ āĻŦāĻžāĻā§āϝāĻāĻŋ āĻŦāϏāĻŦā§ āĻ āĻŋāĻ āĻāĻāĻāĻāĻžāĻŦā§ āϝāĻĻāĻŋ āĻŦāĻžāĻā§āϝā§āϰ āĻļā§āϰā§āϤ⧠Scarcely had āĻāϏ⧠āϤāĻžāĻšāϞ⧠āĻŦāĻžāĻā§āϝā§āϰ āĻŽāϧā§āϝāĻāĻžāύā§
when āĻŦāϏ⧠āĻāĻŦāĻ āϤāĻžāϰāĻĒāϰ āĻĻā§āĻŦāĻŋāϤā§ā§ āĻŦāĻžāĻā§āϝāĻāĻŋ āĻŦāϏāĻŦā§ āĻ āĻŋāĻ āĻāĻāĻāĻāĻžāĻŦā§ āϝāĻĻāĻŋ āĻŦāĻžāĻā§āϝā§āϰ āĻļā§āϰā§āϤ⧠Hardly had āĻāϏ⧠āϤāĻžāĻšāϞ⧠āĻŦāĻžāĻā§āϝā§āϰ āĻŽāϧā§āϝāĻāĻžāύ⧠before āĻŦāϏ⧠āĻāĻŦāĻ āϤāĻžāϰāĻĒāϰ āĻĻā§āĻŦāĻŋāϤā§ā§ āĻŦāĻžāĻā§āϝāĻāĻŋ āĻŦāϏāĻŦā§
No sooner had he seen me than he ran away. /Scarcely had we reached the station when the train left. /Hardly had he started reading before the electricity was off.
-Not only.......but also (āĻļā§āϧ⧠...āύā§..āĻŦāϰāĻ..āĻŦāĻā§):- āĻāĻšāĻž āĻĻā§āĻāĻāĻŋ āĻŦāĻžāĻā§āϝā§āϰ āĻļā§āϰā§āϤ⧠āĻŦāĻž āĻļā§āώ⧠āĻŦāĻž āĻŽāϧā§āϝāĻāĻžāύ⧠āĻŦāϏāϤ⧠āĻĒāĻžāϰā§āĨ¤
Not only he but also his brother saw it. / He not only ate rice but also took rest. / I have taken not only a pen but also a book.
-Both........... and (āĻāĻā§ā§āĻ):- āĻāĻšāĻž Not only.......but also āĻāϰ āĻŽāϤ āĻĻā§āĻāĻāĻŋ āĻŦāĻžāĻā§āϝā§āϰ āĻļā§āϰā§āϤ⧠āĻŦāĻž āĻļā§āώ⧠āĻŦāĻž āĻŽāϧā§āϝāĻāĻžāύ⧠āĻŦāϏāϤ⧠āĻĒāĻžāϰā§āĨ¤ Both Rana and Raju came here. / I know both you and your brother.
-Either...or (āĻšā§....āĻāĻāĻž āύāĻž...āĻšā§...āĻāĻāĻž):- āĻāĻšāĻž āĻŦāĻžāĻā§āϝā§āϰ āĻ āĻŦāϏā§āĻĨāĻžāύā§āϝāĻžā§ā§ āĻŦāϏāĻŦā§āĨ¤ Either you or he came. / He will either do it or go there.
-Neither.....nor (āĻāĻāĻžāĻ...āύāĻž...āĻāĻāĻžāĻ..āύāĻž):- āĻāĻšāĻž āĻŦāĻžāĻā§āϝā§āϰ āĻ āĻŦāϏā§āĻĨāĻžāύā§āϝāĻžā§ā§ āĻŦāϏāĻŦā§āĨ¤ Neither the boy nor his brother came. / He knows neither him nor his father.