Article

7. Article

Description is not applied here.

1. Article-a-an

                                                           Article (a / an)- Indefinite:

 āϝāĻ–āύ āφāĻŽāϰāĻž āϕ⧋āύ⧋ (āĻ—āύāύāĻžāϝ⧋āĻ—ā§āϝ āĻāĻ•āĻŦāϚāύ- Singular countable) Noun āϕ⧇ āĻ…āύāĻŋāĻ°ā§āĻĻāĻŋāĻˇā§āϟ āĻ•āϰ⧇ / āĻāĻ•āϟāĻŋ āϏāĻ‚āĻ–ā§āϝāĻžā§Ÿ āĻŦā§‹āĻāĻžāϤ⧇ āϚāĻžāχ āϤāĻ–āύ āφāĻŽāϰāĻž Indefinite Article-a / an āĻŦā§āϝāĻŦāĻšāĻžāϰ āĻ•āϰāĻŋāĨ¤ āϝ⧇āĻŽāύ: He bought a colour TV. I have a pet cat. A horse can run fast.
                                                                            a/an āĻāϰ āĻŦā§āϝāĻŦāĻšāĻžāϰ

āĻļāĻŦā§āĻĻ⧇āϰ āĻļ⧁āϰ⧁āϤ⧇ consonant āĻĨāĻžāĻ•āϞ⧇ āϤāĻžāϰ āĻĒā§‚āĻ°ā§āĻŦ⧇  a

 a hen / a boy / a pen

āĻļāĻŦā§āĻĻ⧇āϰ āĻļ⧁āϰ⧁āϤ⧇ vowel (a, e, i, o, u) āĻĨāĻžāĻ•āϞ⧇ āϤāĻžāϰ āĻĒā§‚āĻ°ā§āĻŦ⧇  an

an apple / an Indian / an umbrella

āĻŦā§āϝāϤāĻŋāĻ•ā§āϰāĻŽ

h (āĻš)  āωāĻšā§āϚāĻžāϰāĻŋāϤ āύāĻž āĻšāϞ⧇ āϤāĻžāϰ āĻĒā§‚āĻ°ā§āĻŦ⧇  an

an hour / an honest man (āϤāĻŦ⧇ a horse / a hotel)

One āĻ›āĻžā§œāĻž O āĻĻā§āĻŦāĻžāϰāĻž āĻļ⧁āϰ⧁- āĻāĻŽāύ āϏāĻ•āϞ āĻļāĻŦā§āĻĻ⧇āϰ āĻĒā§‚āĻ°ā§āĻŦ⧇ an

an ox / an opera / an orange (āϤāĻŦ⧇  a one-eyed man)

E/ U -āĻāϰ āωāĻšā§āϚāĻžāϰāĻŖ āϝāĻĻāĻŋ ’āχāω’ āĻšā§Ÿ āϤāĻžāĻšāϞ⧇ āϤāĻžāϰ āĻĒā§‚āĻ°ā§āĻŦ⧇- a

a European / a uniform (āϤāĻŦ⧇  an umbrella )

āϏāĻ‚āĻ•ā§āώāĻŋāĻĒā§āϤ āĻļāĻŦā§āĻĻ⧇āϰ āĻĒā§āϰāĻĨāĻŽ āĻ…āĻ•ā§āώāϰ Consonant sound āĻšāϞ⧇ a

a B.A/B.A.G/B.Sc.

āϏāĻ‚āĻ•ā§āώāĻŋāĻĒā§āϤ āĻļāĻŦā§āĻĻ⧇āϰ āĻĒā§āϰāĻĨāĻŽ āĻ…āĻ•ā§āώāϰ Vowel sound āĻšāϞ⧇ an

an M.A/MP/MBA / FRCS/FCPS

a/an--āĻāϰ āĻŦāĻŋāĻļ⧇āώ āĻŦā§āϝāĻŦāĻšāĻžāϰ

āϝāĻžāϰ āϏāĻ‚āĻ™ā§āϗ⧇ āĻ•āĻžāωāϕ⧇ āϤ⧁āϞāύāĻž āĻ•āϰāĻž āĻšā§Ÿ āϤāĻžāϰ āĻĒā§‚āĻ°ā§āĻŦ⧇ a/an

He was a Shakespeare. / You are a Nazrul I see.

Unknown person -āĻāϰ āĻĒā§‚āĻ°ā§āĻŦ⧇  a/an

An Ibrahim came here. A Hassan came to see me.

Many / such---(Singular common noun) a/an āĻŦāϏ⧇

Many a boy came here./ He likes such a good boy.

āϏāĻ‚āĻ–ā§āϝāĻžāĻŦāĻžāϚāĻ• āĻļāĻŦā§āĻĻ (couple, dozen, hundred- āĻāϰ āĻĒā§‚āĻ°ā§āĻŦ⧇ a/an

a million of people attended the meeting

āĻ•āĻŋāϛ⧁ Phrase-āĻāϰ āĻĒā§‚āĻ°ā§āĻŦ⧇  a/an

in a hurry /in a nutshell /in a body /in a fix/ in a temper / take a decision / only a few / only a little/ tell a lie/ make a noise etc

cough, headache, cold, rage, interest-āĻāϰ āĻĒā§‚āĻ°ā§āĻŦ⧇ a/an

I have a cough / I had a cold last week.

āĻĒ⧇āĻļāĻž āĻŦā§‹āĻāĻžāϤ⧇  a/an

He is a businessman / Mr. Kamal was a lawyer

‘most’ āϝāĻ–āύ ‘very’ āĻ…āĻ°ā§āĻĨ āĻĒā§āϰāĻ•āĻžāĻļ āĻ•āϰ⧇ the-āĻāϰ āĻĒāϰāĻŋāĻŦāĻ°ā§āϤ⧇ a

He saw a most wonderful sight

                                                                   


2. Article-The

                                                       The- Definite Article

                                                              The--āĻāϰ āĻŦā§āϝāĻŦāĻšāĻžāϰ

āϏāĻŽāĻ—ā§āϰ āϜāĻžāϤāĻŋ āĻŦā§‹āĻāĻžāϤ⧇ 

The cow is a useful animal / The bird flies in the sky

āύāĻĻā§€, āϏāĻžāĻ—āϰ, āωāĻĒāϏāĻžāĻ—āϰ, āĻĻā§āĻŦā§€āĻĒāĻĒ⧁āĻžā§āϜ āĻ“ āĻĒāĻ°ā§āĻŦāϤāĻŽāĻžāϞāĻžāϰ āύāĻžāĻŽā§‡āϰ āĻĒā§‚āĻ°ā§āĻŦ⧇

The Padma is a big river./The Atlantic is the biggest ocean.

āĻāĻ•āĻ• āĻŦāĻ¸ā§āϤ⧁ -āĻĒ⧃āĻĨāĻŋāĻŦā§€, āϏ⧂āĻ°ā§āϝ, āϚāĻ¨ā§āĻĻā§āϰ, āĻĒā§‚āĻ°ā§āĻŦ, āĻĒāĻļā§āϚāĻŋāĻŽ, āχāĻ¤ā§āϝāĻžāĻĻāĻŋāϰ āĻĒā§‚āĻ°ā§āĻŦ⧇

The earth moves round the sun./The moon shines at night.

āϤāĻžāϰāĻŋāϖ⧇āϰ āĻĒā§‚āĻ°ā§āĻŦ⧇

He will come on the 25th December

Adjective-āĻāϰ Superlative degree--āĻāϰ āĻĒā§‚āĻ°ā§āĻŦ⧇

Akbar was the greatest of all Emperors.

āϝāϤ--āϤāϤ āĻŦā§‹āĻāĻžāϤ⧇ Comparative degree-āĻāϰāĻĒā§‚āĻ°ā§āĻŦ⧇

The more you read, the more you learn

Ordinal numeral (first, second) āχāĻ¤ā§āϝāĻžāĻĻāĻŋāϰ āĻĒā§‚āĻ°ā§āĻŦ⧇ 

Edward the seventh left the country / He got the first place

āϕ⧋āύ⧋ āϜāĻžāϤāĻŋ āĻ“ āϏāĻŽā§āĻĒā§āĻ°ā§āϰāĻĻāĻžā§Ÿā§‡āϰ āύāĻžāĻŽā§‡āϰ āĻĒā§‚āĻ°ā§āĻŦ⧇

The Bangladeshis are brave./The Indians are very friendly.

āϧāĻ°ā§āĻŽāĻ—ā§āϰāĻ¨ā§āĻĨ, āĻĒā§āϰāĻļāĻŋāĻĻā§āϧ āĻ—ā§āϰāĻ¨ā§āĻĨ, āϏāĻ‚āĻŦāĻžāĻĻ āĻĒāĻ¤ā§āϰ āĻ“ āϜāĻžāĻšāĻžāĻœā§‡āϰ āύāĻžāĻŽā§‡āϰ āĻĒā§‚āĻ°ā§āĻŦ⧇  

 

I read the Prothom Alo daily.

āĻĒā§āϰāĻļāĻŋāĻĻā§āϧ āĻĒā§āϰāϤāĻŋāĻˇā§āĻ āĻžāύ āĻŦāĻž āĻĒā§āϰāĻžāϏāĻžāĻĻ āĻāĻŦāĻ‚ āϐāϤāĻŋāĻšāĻžāϏāĻŋāĻ• āϘāϟāύāĻžāϰ āĻĒā§‚āĻ°ā§āĻŦ⧇

The Taj Mahal looks very beautiful at night

Noun + clause / phrase āĻšāϞ⧇ āϐ  Noun  āϰ āĻĒā§‚āĻ°ā§āĻŦ⧇

The gold of this ring is supposed to be pure / The man who came here is my relative.

Road-āĻāϰ āύāĻžāĻŽā§‡āϰ āĻĒā§‚āĻ°ā§āĻŦ⧇  (Street/Avenue(-āĻāϰ āĻĒā§‚āĻ°ā§āĻŦ⧇ āύ⧟)

The bus is going to the RK Mission Road.

āϕ⧋āύ⧋ āĻ•āĻŋāϛ⧁ āĻĻā§āĻŦāĻŋāĻ¤ā§€ā§ŸāĻŦāĻžāϰ āωāĻ˛ā§āϞ⧇āĻ– āĻ•āϰāϞ⧇ āϤāĻžāϰ āĻĒā§‚āĻ°ā§āĻŦ⧇

We saw a one-eyed man. The man was very helpless

Morning, noon,afternoon etc āĻāϰ āφāϗ⧇ in āĻŦā§āϝāĻŦāĻšā§ƒāϤ āĻšāϞ⧇

He came here in the evening

Proper noun-āĻāϰ āĻĒā§‚āĻ°ā§āĻŦ⧇ Adjective āĻĨāĻžāĻ•āϞ⧇ āϤāĻžāϰ āĻĒā§‚āĻ°ā§āĻŦ⧇

The great hero Alexander conquered the whole world

Proper noun āĻāϰ āĻĒā§‚āĻ°ā§āĻŦ⧇ āĻĒāĻĻāĻŦāĻŋ āĻŦāĻžāϚāĻ• āĻļāĻŦā§āĻĻ āĻĨāĻžāĻ•āϞ⧇ āϤāĻžāϰ āĻĒā§‚āĻ°ā§āĻŦ⧇

The poet Nazrul is our pride.

āĻŦāĻžāĻĻā§āϝāϝāĻ¨ā§āĻ¤ā§āϰ āĻŦāĻžāϜāĻžāϞ⧇ āϤāĻžāϰ āĻĒā§‚āĻ°ā§āĻŦ⧇

He plays the piano (āϤāĻŦ⧇ He has a × guitar of his own.)

āĻ…āĻ°ā§āĻĨāĻĒā§‚āĻ°ā§āĻŖ āĻĻ⧇āĻļ⧇āϰ āύāĻžāĻŽā§‡āϰ āĻĒā§‚āĻ°ā§āĻŦ⧇

The USA / The UK / The KSA etc

āĻ•āĻŋāϛ⧁ Phrase-āĻ

slip of the tongue / speak the truth / be in the wrong / all the year round / at the sight of etc

 


3. Article-No artcle

                                      Omission of Articles (āϝ⧇āĻ–āĻžāύ⧇ āϕ⧋āύ  article  āύ⧟)

āĻ­āĻžāώāĻžāϰ āύāĻžāĻŽā§‡āϰ āĻĒā§‚āĻ°ā§āĻŦ⧇ (āϤāĻŦ⧇ the++āĻ­āĻžāώāĻž= āϐ āĻ­āĻžāώāĻžāϰ āϞ⧋āĻ•āϜāύ)

He speaks × English. / He learns × French and German.

(āϤāĻŦ⧇ The French are a royal nation/ The English speak English)

Abstract noun āĻŦāĻžāĻšā§āϝāĻŋāĻ• āĻ…āĻŦāĻ¸ā§āĻĨāĻžāύāĻšā§€āύ āĻŦāĻŋāĻļ⧇āĻˇā§āϝ-āĻāϰ āĻĒā§‚āĻ°ā§āĻŦ⧇

× Honesty is the best policy. / × Kindness is a great virtue

avenue, square, street, park-āĻāϰ āύāĻžāĻŽā§‡āϰ āĻĒā§‚āĻ°ā§āĻŦ⧇

He lives in × Manik Mia Avenue.

āĻŦāĻžāϰ, āĻŽāĻžāϏ,āĻ‹āϤ⧁, āĻ‰ā§ŽāϏāĻŦ⧇āϰ āύāĻžāĻŽā§‡āϰ āĻĒā§‚āĻ°ā§āĻŦ⧇

I met you on × Monday./ × January is the first month of the year

āϰ⧋āϗ⧇āϰ āύāĻžāĻŽā§‡āϰ āĻĒā§‚āĻ°ā§āĻŦ⧇

I suffer form × fever often./ × Cancer is a fatal disease.

āĻāĻ•āϟāĻŋāĻŽāĻžāĻ¤ā§āϰ āĻĒāĻ°ā§āĻŦāϤ āĻŦāĻž āĻĻā§āĻŦā§€āĻĒ⧇āϰ āĻ“  (lake) -āĻāϰ āύāĻžāĻŽā§‡āϰ āĻĒā§‚āĻ°ā§āĻŦ⧇  

× Mount Everest is the highest peak in the world.

Plural noun āĻāϰ āĻĒā§‚āĻ°ā§āĻŦ⧇  a/an āĻŦāϏ⧇ āύāĻž  

× Roses are beautiful. / × Horses are useful.

Uncountable noun āĻšāĻŋāϏ⧇āĻŦ⧇ āĻ—āĻ¨ā§āϝ advice, information, news,luggage āχāĻ¤ā§āϝāĻžāĻĻāĻŋāϰ āĻĒā§‚āĻ°ā§āĻŦ⧇ a/an āĻŦāϏ⧇ āύāĻž

My teacher gave me × good advice

Material noun (āĻ“āϜāύ āĻ•āϰāϤ⧇ āĻšā§Ÿ) āĻāϰ āĻĒā§‚āĻ°ā§āĻŦ⧇

× Gold is a precious metal. / ×Iron is a useful metal.

āϏāĻžāϧāĻžāϰāĻŖāϤ āĻĒā§āĻ°ā§āĻļā§āύāĻŦā§‹āϧāĻ• āĻŦāĻžāĻ•ā§āϝ⧇ kind of, sort of, variety of, type of, species of āĻāĻĻ⧇āϰ āĻĒā§‚āĻ°ā§āĻŦ⧇

What kind of × woman is she?

āϖ⧇āϞāĻž āĻ“ āĻ–āĻžāĻŦāĻžāϰ āϏāĻ‚āĻ•ā§āϰāĻžāĻ¨ā§āϤ āύāĻžāĻŽā§‡āϰ āĻĒā§‚āĻ°ā§āĻŦ⧇ 

They always play × football./ Have you taken × supper?

 āĻŽāĻžāύāĻŦāϜāĻžāϤāĻŋ āĻ…āĻ°ā§āĻĨ⧇ man āĻ“ woman-āĻāϰ āĻĒā§‚āĻ°ā§āĻŦ⧇

Man is mortal.

Nominate,elect,select,make, appointment, choose āĻĒā§āϰāϭ⧃āϤāĻŋ verb-āĻāϰ Complement- āĻāϰ āĻĒā§‚āĻ°ā§āĻŦ⧇

They elected me × captain (Z‡e We made him the captain of the team.)

Water, milk, oil, ink, hydrogen, tea, paper  āχāĻ¤ā§āϝāĻžāĻĻāĻŋ uncountable noun- āĻāϰ āĻĒā§‚āĻ°ā§āĻŦ⧇

We write on × paper. / I am fond of × tea./ 

( āϤāĻŦ⧇ Give me a glass of water)

āĻŠā§ŽāϏāĻŦ⧇āϰ āύāĻžāĻŽā§‡āϰ āφāϗ⧇

× Eid-ul Fitre is the biggest religious festival of the Muslims.

āĻŽāĻšāĻžāĻĻ⧇āĻļ / āĻĒā§āϰāĻĻ⧇āĻļ⧇āϰ āύāĻžāĻŽā§‡āϰ āĻĒā§‚āĻ°ā§āĻŦ⧇

× Europe consists of many rich countries.

 āĻļ⧁āϧ⧁Adjective -āĻāϰ āĻĒā§‚āĻ°ā§āĻŦ⧇

He is × honest. / I am × innocent.

āĻ•āĻŋāϛ⧁  Phrase-āĻāϰ āĻĒā§‚āĻ°ā§āĻŦ⧇

 

(They live from × hand to mouth./ We checked the passenger from × top to bottom.)

at dawn, at day-break, at sunrise, at sunset, at dinner, at home, at noon, at night, by day, by name, by land, by water, by river, by air, by boat, by bus, by train, by steamer, by ship, on foot, under ground, above ground, from hand to mouth, from top to bottom etc.