Comparison of adjective & adverb-rules 1 to 10

1. Comparison of adjective & adverb-rules 1 to 10

Comparison of adjective & adverb

Rule 1.Degrees of comparison ----- comparative adjective;

  • Entity-āϰ āĻŽāĻ§ā§āϝ⧇ āϤ⧁āϞāύāĻž āĻŦ⧁āĻāĻžāϤ⧇ Adjective āĻāϰ comparative   degree āĻŦā§āϝāĻŦāĻšā§ƒāϤ āĻšā§Ÿ āĻāĻŦāĻ‚ āĻāϰāĻĒāϰ than āĻŦā§āϝāĻŦāĻšā§ƒāϤ āĻšā§ŸāĨ¤ 
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Exercise :

Incorrect :This roomis morespaciousas theother one .

Correct :Thisroom is morespaciousthanthe other one

Rule  2.  Degree  of  comparison ---- irregular  adjective

Irregular  comparative  form āϝ⧁āĻ•ā§āϤ adjective āϗ⧁āϞ⧋āϰ āύāĻŋāĻŽā§āύ⧇ āĻŦāĻ°ā§āĻŖāĻŋāϤ āύāĻŋ⧟āĻŽ āĻ…āύ⧁⧟āĻžā§Ÿā§€  comparison āĻšā§ŸāĨ¤

Subject + verb +   irregular  comparative  +  than +   noun /  pronoun

 Example : This ice  cream is better  than  the other  brands 

 āύāĻŋāĻŽā§āύ⧇ āĻ•ā§Ÿā§‡āĻ•āϟāĻŋ irregular  adjective āωāĻ˛ā§āϞ⧇āĻ– āĻ•āϰāĻž āĻšāϞ:

Adjective

Comparative

Superlative

 Bad

 Worse

Worst

Far

 Father / further

 Farthest / furthest

Good

 Better

 Best

Little

 Less

Least

 Many

 More

Most

 Much

More

 Most

 

Exercises : 

Incorrect :  The  lab  is more  far  from the  bus  stop  than  the library

Correct :  The lab is farther  from  the  bus  stop  than  the library

Rule 3.   Degree  of comparison  ----- comparative  adverbs :

āĻĻ⧁āϟāĻŋ āĻ•āĻžāĻœā§‡āϰ āĻŽāĻžāĻ¤ā§āϰāĻž āĻŦāĻž āĻ—āϤāĻŋāϰ āĻŽāĻ§ā§āϝ⧇ āϤ⧁āϞāύāĻž āĻŦ⧁āĻāĻžāϤ⧇ Adverb āĻāϰāĻ“ comparative  degree āĻŦā§āϝāĻŦāĻšā§ƒāϤ āĻšā§Ÿ āĻāĻŦāĻ‚ āĻāϰāĻĒāϰ than āĻŦā§āϝāĻŦāĻšā§ƒāϤ āĻšā§ŸāĨ¤ āϝ⧇āĻŽāύ--

 Subject + verb +  { adverb + er ( one  - syllable  )  more  / less + adverb  ( more  - than  - one  syllable }  +  than + {  noun pronoun } 

Exercises:

Incorrect: This train always leaves late than the time on the schedule.

Correct: This train always leaves later than the time on the schedule.

Incorrect: He drives more fast than she does.

Correct: He drives faster than she does.  

Rule 4.Doublecomparatives

  • āϕ⧋āύ Sentence āĻāϰ āĻĒā§āϰāĻĨāĻŽ clause āϟāĻŋ  comparative  form āĻ āĻšā§Ÿ, āϤāĻžāĻšāϞ⧇ āĻĻā§āĻŦāĻŋāĻ¤ā§€ā§Ÿ  clause āϟāĻŋāĻ“  comparative   form-āĻ āĻšā§Ÿ āĻāĻŦāĻ‚ āĻĻ⧁āϟāĻŋ  comparative āĻāϰ āĻĒā§‚āĻ°ā§āĻŦ⧇āχ the āĻŦāϏ⧇āĨ¤ āĻāĻ•ā§āώ⧇āĻ¤ā§āϰ⧇, āĻĒā§āϰāĻĨāĻŽ clause āϟāĻŋ āĻ•āĻžāϰāĻŖ āĻāĻŦāĻ‚ āĻĻā§āĻŦāĻŋāĻ¤ā§€ā§Ÿ clause āĻĢāϞāĻžāĻĢāϞ āĻŦ⧁āĻāĻžā§ŸāĨ¤ 

The + comparative+ subject + verb (,) + the +comparative+subject + verb

Example :

Incorrect :Thefaster wefinishthe soonwecan leave

Correct :Thefaster wefinishthe soonerwecan leave

 

Rule 5.  Than āĻ›āĻžā§œāĻžāĻ āϤ⧁āϞāύāĻž āĻŦ⧁āĻāĻžāϤ⧇ adjective āĻāϰ comparative  degree āĻŦā§āϝāĻŦāĻšā§ƒāϤ āĻšā§Ÿ, āϤāĻŦ⧇ āϏ⧇āĻ•ā§āώ⧇āĻ¤ā§āϰ⧇  sentence āĻ āĻĒā§āϰāĻĨāĻŽā§‡ āĻŦāĻž āĻļ⧇āώ⧇  of the  two / pair / twins āωāĻ˛ā§āϞ⧇āĻ– āĻĨāĻžāĻ•āĻŦ⧇, āĻāĻŦāĻ‚ āĻāĻ•ā§āώ⧇āĻ¤ā§āϰ⧇ comparative-āĻāϰ āĻĒā§‚āĻ°ā§āĻŦ⧇  the āĻŦā§āϝāĻŦāĻšā§ƒāϤ āĻšā§ŸāĨ¤

Subject + verb +the +comparative + of the two / pair /twins +noun( plural )

Of thetwo / pair /twins+noun ( plural )subject +verb+the +comparative

Example :

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Of thetwo shirtsthisone is theprettier

Of thetwo booksthisone is the more interesting

Rule 6.  Noun āĻāϰ āĻĒā§‚āĻ°ā§āĻŦ⧇ determiner āĻŦāϏāĻŋā§Ÿā§‡ noun āϕ⧇āĻ“ āϤ⧁āϞāύāĻž āĻ•āϰāĻž āϝ⧇āϤ⧇ āĻĒāĻžāϰ⧇āĨ¤ 

 Subject + verb + as + {  many much  little few } + noun  + as +  { noun pronoun}

Or       

Subject + verb+ as + { more fewer less }  + noun +   than + { noun pronoun }

Example :

He earns  as much  money  as his brother

 They   have  as few  classes  as  we. [āĻāĻ–āĻžāύ⧇,  as-āĻāϰ āĻĒāϰ we āĻšā§Ÿā§‡āϛ⧇, āĻ•āĻžāϰāĻŖ āĻāĻ–āĻžāύ⧇ subject  they āĻāϰ āϏāĻžāĻĨ⧇ āϤ⧁āϞāύāĻž āĻ•āϰāĻž āĻšāĻšā§āϛ⧇āĨ¤] 

 

Before   payday  I have  as little  money  as my  brother

Or

I have  more  books   than  she

February has  fewer  days  than march

  Their  job  allows   then  less  freedom   then  ours  does .

Rule  7. āĻ…āύ⧇āĻ• āϏāĻŽā§Ÿ āĻ…āĻ°ā§āĻĨāϕ⧇ āĻœā§‹āϰ āĻĒā§āϰāĻĻāĻžāύ⧇āϰ āϜāĻ¨ā§āϝ  Comparative  degree āĻāϰ āĻĒā§‚āĻ°ā§āĻŦ⧇  far / much āĻŦā§āϝāĻŦāĻšā§ƒāϤ āĻšāϤ⧇ āĻĒāĻžāϰ⧇āĨ¤ 

 Subject + verb +  { far much } { adjective adverb } + er +  than + { noun pronoun }

His car + is +  far +  better +  than +  yours

Or

 

Subject + verb +  { far much }+ { more less } +  { adjective adverb } +  than + { noun pronoun }

His watch  +  is + far +  more +  expensive +   than +  mine

Example :

 A watermelon  is much sweeter  than  a lemon .

 She  dance  much  more  artistically  than her  predecessors

He  speaks  English  much more rapidly  than  he dose  Spanish

 

Rule 8. āĻĻ⧁āĻ‡ā§Ÿā§‡āϰ āĻ…āϧāĻŋāĻ•  Entity-āϰ āĻŽāĻ§ā§āϝ⧇ āϤ⧁āϞāύāĻž āĻŦ⧁āĻāĻžāϤ⧇   adjective-āĻāϰ  superlative   degree āĻŦā§āϝāĻŦāĻšā§ƒāϤ āĻšā§Ÿ āĻāĻŦāĻ‚  superlative āĻāϰ āĻĒā§‚āĻ°ā§āĻŦ⧇ āϏāĻŦ āϏāĻŽā§Ÿ  the āĻŦā§āϝāĻŦāĻšā§ƒāϤ āĻšā§ŸāĨ¤ 

 Subject + verb + the +   {  adjective  + est  most / least +  adjective }  + in+ singular count  noun of +  plural count  noun}

Exercises :

Incorrect :  she is more  prettier  than all  of the  girls in  our  class

Correct :  she is   prettier   of  all the  girls in  our  class.

Rule 9. Irregular  adjective-āϗ⧁āϞ⧋āϕ⧇  superlative  degree āĻšāĻŋāϏ⧇āĻŦ⧇ āĻŦā§āϝāĻŦāĻšāĻžāϰ āĻ•āϰāϤ⧇ āĻšāϞ⧇ āύāĻŋāĻŽā§āύ⧇ āĻŦāĻ°ā§āĻŖāĻŋāϤ āύāĻŋ⧟āĻŽ āĻĒā§āϰāϝ⧋āĻœā§āϝ āĻšāĻŦ⧇āĨ¤ 

 Subject + verb +  the + irregular superlative  +   {  in + singular  count noun of  +  plural  count  noun }

Exercise :

 Incorrect :  the  badest  accident  in the  history  of  the  city  occurred  last night on the  north – freeway

Correct :  the  worst  accident  in the  history   of the  city  occurred  last  night  on the  north  freeway

Rule 10.  Sentence āĻ āϝāĻĻāĻŋ  of the  three / four āĻĨāĻžāϕ⧇, āϤāĻžāĻšāϞ⧇  superlative  degree  āĻŦā§āϝāĻŦāĻšā§ƒāϤ āĻšāĻŦ⧇āĨ¤ āĻ…āĻ°ā§āĻĨāĻžā§Ž-

Subject +  verb +  The + superlative  + of the  three  / four  + noun  ( plural )

Or

 Of the three / four + noun ( plural ) +    Subject +  verb +  The + superlative 

Example : 

 Of the three  shirts  this  one  is the  prettiest


2. Comparison of adjective & adverb-rules 11 to 20

Comparison of adjective & adverb

Rule 11.  Sentence-āĻ  one  of  the āĻĨāĻžāĻ•āϞ⧇ adjective-āĻāϰ  superlative  degree āĻŦā§āϝāĻŦāĻšā§ƒāϤ āĻšāĻŦ⧇āĨ¤

Example : 

 One  of  the  greatest  tennis  players  in the  world  is biron  borg

Kuwait  is one  of the  biggest  oil  producers  in the  world

Rule 12.  Exact  similarity  --- the same  as  and  the same

The  same  as āĻāĻŦāĻ‚ the  same āĻāϰ āĻ…āĻ°ā§āĻĨ āĻāĻ•āχāĨ¤  the same  as āĻĻ⧁āϟāĻŋ  noun āĻāϰ āĻŽāĻžāĻā§‡   compare āĻ•āϰāĻžāϰ āϜāĻ¨ā§āϝ āĻŦāϏ āĻāĻŦāĻ‚  the  same   , and āĻĻā§āĻŦāĻžāϰāĻž āϝ⧁āĻ•ā§āϤ āĻĻ⧁āϟāĻŋ  noun āĻ…āĻĨāĻŦāĻž  plural noun āĻāϰ āĻĒāϰ⧇ āĻŦāϏ⧇āĨ¤ āĻ…āĻ°ā§āĻĨāĻžā§Ž-

Noun + verb+  the  same  as  +  noun 

This  house + is +  the same  as +  that  house

These  house  + are + the same  as +   those  houses 

Or

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Or

Noun ( plural ) +verb( plural )+ the same

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Exercises :

Incorrect :Thatcar isalmostthe samelike mine

Correct : Thatcar isalmostthe sameasmine

Rule 13. Generalsimilarity---- similartoandsimilar

Similar to āĻāĻŦāĻ‚ similar-āĻāϰ āĻ…āĻ°ā§āĻĨ āĻāĻ•āχāĨ¤  Similar to āĻĻ⧁āϟāĻŋ  noun āĻāϰ āĻŽāĻžāĻā§‡  compare āĻ•āϰāĻžāϰ āϜāĻ¨ā§āϝ āĻŦāϏ⧇ āĻāĻŦāĻ‚ similar and āĻĻā§āĻŦāĻžāϰāĻž āϝ⧁āĻ•ā§āϤ āĻĻ⧁āϟāĻŋ  noun āĻ…āĻĨāĻŦāĻž  plural  noun-āĻāϰ āĻĒāϰ⧇ āĻŦāϏ⧇āĨ¤ āĻ…āĻ°ā§āĻĨāĻžā§Ž- 

 

Noun + verb +similarto + noun

This house + is+similar to +thathouse

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Or

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Or

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Example :

This bookis similartothatone

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Rule 14.Generalsimilarity----- likeandalike :

Like āĻāĻŦāĻ‚  alike  āĻāϰ āĻ…āĻ°ā§āĻĨ āĻāĻ•āχāĨ¤  like āĻĻ⧁āϟāĻŋ  noun āĻāϰ āĻŽāĻžāĻā§‡ compare āĻ•āϰāĻžāϰ āϜāĻ¨ā§āϝ āĻŦāϏ⧇ āĻāĻŦāĻ‚ alike  and āĻĻā§āĻŦāĻžāϰāĻž āϝ⧁āĻ•ā§āϤ āĻĻ⧁āϟāĻŋ noun āĻ…āĻĨāĻŦāĻž  plural noun-āĻāϰ āĻĒāϰ⧇ āĻŦāϏ⧇āĨ¤ āĻ…āĻ°ā§āĻĨāĻžā§Ž- 

 

Noun + verb +like + noun

This house + is+like+thathouse

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Or

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Or

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Exercises :

Incorrect :Theweatherfeelsasspring

Correct :Theweatherfeelslikespring

Incorrect :thesesuiteare alike

Correct :thissuitislikethatsuit

 

Rule 15.  General  difference  ----- different from and different

 Different  from āĻāĻŦāĻ‚ different āĻāϰ āĻ…āĻ°ā§āĻĨ āĻāĻ•āχāĨ¤  different from āĻĻ⧁āϟāĻŋ noun āĻāϰ āĻŽāĻžāĻā§‡ compare āĻ•āϰāĻžāϰ āϜāĻ¨ā§āϝ āĻŦāϏ⧇ āĻāĻŦāĻ‚ different  and āĻĻā§āĻŦāĻžāϰāĻž āϝ⧁āĻ•ā§āϤ āĻĻ⧁āϟāĻŋ noun āĻ…āĻĨāĻŦāĻž plural noun āĻāϰ āĻĒāϰ⧇ āĻŦāϏ⧇āĨ¤ āĻ…āĻ°ā§āĻĨāĻžā§Ž-

Noun + verb( singular )+different from + noun

This house + is+ different from +thathouse

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Or

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Or

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Rule 16.  General  difference ---- to  differ form :

 Subject-āĻāϰ āĻĒāϰ⧇ āϝāĻĻāĻŋ  auxiliary   verb āĻĨāĻžāϕ⧇, āϤāĻžāĻšāϞ⧇  different form āĻŦā§āϝāĻŦāĻšā§ƒāϤ āĻšāĻŦ⧇, āĻ•āĻŋāĻ¨ā§āϤ⧁ subject-āĻāϰ āĻĒāϰ⧇ āϝāĻĻāĻŋ    auxiliary  verb āύāĻž āĻĨāĻžāϕ⧇, āϤāĻžāĻšāϞ⧇ āĻļ⧁āϧ⧁  differ /  differs from āĻŦā§āϝāĻŦāĻšā§ƒāϤ āĻšāĻŦ⧇āĨ¤  differ āĻŽā§āϞāϤ verb āĻšāĻŋāϏ⧇āĻŦ⧇ āĻŦā§āϝāĻŦāĻšā§ƒāϤ āĻšā§ŸāĨ¤ 

Subject 3rd  person  singular āĻšāϞ⧇  differs āĻŦā§āϝāĻŦāĻšā§ƒāϤ āĻšā§ŸāĨ¤

 

Noun   + differ / differs + form + noun  / pronoun

This one +  differs + from +  the  rest

Or

Noun  +  verb +  different from  + noun

This house + is  + different  from  +   that   house

Exercises : 

 Incorrect :  Sharon is  different  of other  women   I know

Correct :  Sharon is  different  from  other  women   I know

Rule 17.  Specific   similarity  ---- quality  noun s

āϤ⧁āϞāύāĻž āĻŦ⧁āĻāĻžāϤ⧇ Quality  noun āϗ⧁āϞ⧋āϰ āĻĒā§‚āĻ°ā§āĻŦ⧇  the same āĻāĻŦāĻ‚ āĻĒāϰ⧇  as āĻŦā§āϝāĻŦāĻšā§ƒāϤ āĻšā§ŸāĨ¤

 Quality   noun āϗ⧁āϞ⧋ āύāĻŋāĻŽā§āύāϰ⧁āĻĒ:

Age

Length

 Style

Color

 Price

 Weight

Height

 Size

 

 

Structure :

 Subject+  verb +   the same +  noun ( quality)  + as  +  noun /  pronoun

He + is +  the same + age +  as +  marry

Exercises :

 Incorrect :  I want  to buy  a pair  of shoes  the same  style like  these  

I ,m wearing

Correct : :  I want  to buy  a pair  of shoes  the same  style as these  

I, m wearing

Incorrect :  this  is not   the same  big   as the   rest  of the  apartments

Correct :  this  is not   the same  size as  big   as the   rest  of the  apartments

Incorrect:  please  cut  my  hair  the same  length  like  the style  in this  magazine

Correct :  please  cut  my  hair  the same  length as the  style  in this  magazine

Rule 18.  Specific  similarity  ---- quality  adjectives :

āϤ⧁āϞāύāĻž āĻŦ⧁āĻāĻžāϤ⧇ āĻāχ  adjective āϗ⧁āϞ⧋āϰ āĻĒā§‚āĻ°ā§āĻŦ⧇ āĻāĻŦāĻ‚ āĻĒāϰ⧇ as āĻŦā§āϝāĻŦāĻšā§ƒāϤ āĻšā§ŸāĨ¤   

 quality  adjectives āϗ⧁āϞ⧋ āύāĻŋāĻŽā§āύāϰ⧁āĻĒ:

 Big

Expensive

 Light(āĻšāĻžāĻ˛ā§āĻ•āĻž āĻŦ⧁āĻāĻžāϤ⧇)

Small

 Cheap

Hard

 Little

Tall

Clear

Heavy

 Long

Young

 Clod

Hot

 Old

 

Easy

 Large

 Short

 

 Structure :

 Subject + verb +  as +  adjective ( quality)  + as +  noun/ pronoun

He +  is +  as  + old +  as +  marry

Exercises :

Incorrect :  marys  job  is as  hard  than  bill’s

  Correct :  marys  job is as  hard  as bills

 Incorrect :  miss  jones English  is not  as clear  than  dr.  bakers

Correct : miss  jones English  is not  as clear   as dr.  bakers

Incorrect : He is  not as  tall  like  his brother

Correct :  He is  not as  tall   as his brother

Rule 19.  Comparative   estimates  ---- multiple  number s

 āϕ⧋āύ Sentence-āĻ āϝāĻĻāĻŋ   multiple  number āĻĨāĻžāϕ⧇, āϤāĻžāĻšāϞ⧇ āĻāϰ āĻĒāϰ  as many as āĻ…āĻĨāĻŦāĻž as much  as āĻŦā§āϝāĻŦāĻšā§ƒāϤ āĻšā§ŸāĨ¤

Uncountable  noun āĻāϰ āϜāĻ¨ā§āϝ  as much as āĻŦā§āϝāĻŦāĻšā§ƒāϤ āĻšā§ŸāĨ¤

  Multiple  number āϗ⧁āϞ⧋ āύāĻŋāĻŽā§āύāϰ⧁āĻĒ:

 

 Half

 Twice

 Three times

 Four times etc

 

 

  Structure :

Subject + verb+  multiple  number+ as +   { many  much } +  ( noun)&nbnbsp; + as + { noun pronoun}

We +  have +  half + as + many + as +  we  need

Note :  multiple  number āĻāϰ āĻĒāϰ⧇ āĻ•āĻ–āύ⧋ so ------as āĻ…āĻĨāĻŦāĻž   more  than / less  than āĻŦā§āϝāĻŦāĻšā§ƒāϤ āĻšā§Ÿ āύāĻžāĨ¤ āĻāĻ–āĻžāύ⧇, many  much āĻāϰ āĻĒāϰ noun āĻĨāĻžāĻ•āϤ⧇āĻ“ āĻĒāĻžāϰ⧇ āφāĻŦāĻžāϰ āύāĻžāĻ“ āĻĨāĻžāĻ•āϤ⧇ āĻĒāĻžāϰ⧇āĨ¤

Exercises : 

Incorrect :  this  one is prettier  , but  it  costs  twice  more  than   the other one

Correct : this  one is prettier  , but  it  costs  twice  much as    the other one

 

Rule  20.   Comparative   estimates  -----as  many  as

āϤ⧁āϞāύāĻž āĻŦ⧁āĻāĻžāϤ⧇ āύāĻŋāĻ°ā§āĻĻāĻŋāĻˇā§āϟ āϏāĻ‚āĻ–ā§āϝāĻžāϰ āĻĒā§‚āĻ°ā§āĻŦ⧇ As many as āĻŦā§āϝāĻŦāĻšā§ƒāϤ āĻšā§ŸāĨ¤

Subject  +   verb  + as  many as  + ( specific ) number +  { noun pronoun }

We  +  expect + as many as +  thirty  people   to come .

Exercises :

Incorrect ;   There   are as many  fifteen  thousand  students  attending  summer  school

Correct :  There   are as many  fifteen  thousand  students  attending  summer  school

NOTE : āύāĻŋāĻ°ā§āĻĻāĻŋāĻˇā§āϟ āϏāĻ‚āĻ–ā§āϝāĻžāϰ āĻĒā§‚āĻ°ā§āĻŦ⧇ as much  as āĻŦā§āϝāĻŦāĻšā§ƒāϤ āĻšāϤ⧇ āĻĒāĻžāϰ⧇ āϝāĻĻāĻŋ  noun āϟāĻŋāϰ āĻĻā§āĻŦāĻžāϰāĻž weight  , distance , money āĻāϰ āĻĒāϰāĻŋāĻŽāĻžāĻŖ āĻŦ⧁āĻāĻžā§ŸāĨ¤

Example : 

As much  as ten  pounds . āĻ“āϜāύ

As much  as ten  miles. āĻĻ⧁āϰāĻ¤ā§āĻŦ

 As much  as twenty  dollars. āϟāĻžāĻ•āĻž āĻ…āĻ°ā§āĻĨ⧇


3. Comparison of adjective & adverb-rules 21 to 30

Comparison of adjective & adverb

Rule 21.  Illogical  comparative  degrees

 Comparison āϏāĻžāϧāĻžāϰāύāϤ āĻāĻ•āχ entity āĻāϰ āĻŽāĻ§ā§āϝ⧇ āĻšā§Ÿā§‡ āĻĨāĻžāϕ⧇, āĻ•āĻŋāĻ¨ā§āϤ⧁ āĻ•āĻ–āύ⧋ āφāϞāĻžāĻĻāĻž āĻĻ⧁āϟāĻŋ āϜāĻŋāύāĻŋāϏ⧇āϰ āĻŽāĻ§ā§āϝ⧇  compare āĻ•āϰāĻž āĻšāϞ⧇ illogical  comparison āĻšā§Ÿā§‡ āĻĨāĻžāϕ⧇āĨ¤ āĻāĻ•ā§āώ⧇āĻ¤ā§āϰ⧇  that  of / those  of āĻŦā§āϝāĻŦāĻšāĻžāϰ āĻ•āϰ⧇ illogical comparison āϕ⧇ logical   comparison āĻ āĻĒāϰāĻŋāĻŖāϤ āĻ•āϰāĻž āϝāĻžā§ŸāĨ¤

āĻŽāύ⧇ āϰāĻžāĻ–āĻŦ⧇,  Singular  noun āĻāϰ āϜāĻ¨ā§āϝ that of āĻāĻŦāĻ‚  plural  noun āĻāϰ āϜāĻ¨ā§āϝ  those   of āĻŦā§āϝāĻŦāĻšāĻžāϰ āĻ•āϰāϤ⧇ āĻšā§ŸāĨ¤

  Noun  ( singular  ) +  verb +    adjective  + than + that  of ( in)  + { noun / pronoun}

The  salary    of a  professor + is +  higher +   than + that  of + a secretary .

Noun  ( plural )  + verb  +  adjective  +    than +  those  of  ( in )   + {  noun pronoun } 

The duties  of a  policeman + are +  more  dangerous +  than  +  those  +of   + a  teacher

Note : āĻāĻ–āĻžāύ⧇ āϝāĻĻāĻŋ “the salary   of a  professor  is higher    than  a secretary” āĻŦāϞāĻž āĻšāϤ āϤāĻžāĻšāϞ⧇ āĻāϟāĻŋ āĻŦ⧁āĻāĻžāĻŦ⧇ āϝ⧇, āĻāĻ•āϜāύ    professor āĻāϰ āĻŦ⧇āϤāύ (āϝāĻžāϰ āϕ⧋āύ āĻĒā§āϰāĻžāĻŖ āύ⧇āχ) āĻāϰ āϏāĻžāĻĨ⧇ āϤ⧁āϞāύāĻž āĻ•āϰāĻž āĻšāĻšā§āϛ⧇ āĻāĻ•āϜāύ  secretary āϰ (āϝāĻžāϰ āĻĒā§āϰāĻžāĻŖ āφāϛ⧇)āĨ¤ āĻ•āĻŋāĻ¨ā§āϤ⧁ āϝ⧇āĻšā§‡āϤ⧁ āĻāϰāĻž āϏāĻŽāϜāĻžāĻ¤ā§€ā§Ÿ āύ⧟, āϤāĻžāχ āĻāĻĻ⧇āϰ āĻŽāĻ§ā§āϝ⧇ āϤ⧁āϞāύāĻžāĻ“ āϏāĻŽā§āĻ­āĻŦ āύ⧟āĨ¤ āĻāĻ•ā§āώ⧇āĻ¤ā§āϰ⧇ āϤāĻžāχ    that of (āĻ…āĻĨāĻŦāĻž āĻ…āĻ¨ā§āϝāĻžāĻ¨ā§āϝ āĻ•ā§āώ⧇āĻ¤ā§āϰ⧇ those  of āĻŦāϏāĻŦ⧇āĨ¤

Exercise : 

Incorrect :  her  qualifications  are better  than  any  other  candidate

Correct :  her  qualifications  are better  than those of   any  other  candidate

Note :   possessive āĻŦā§āϝāĻŦāĻšāĻžāϰ āĻ•āϰ⧇ illogical   comparison-āϕ⧇  logical  comparison āĻ āϰ⧁āĻĒ āĻĻ⧇āĻ“ā§ŸāĻž āϝāĻžā§ŸāĨ¤

Example

Incorrect :Hisdrawingsareas perfectas hisinstructor

Correct : Hisdrawingsareas perfectas hisinstructor,s ( possessive)

Note : āĻāĻ–āĻžāύ⧇ instructors āĻāϰ āĻŽāĻžāύ⧇ āĻšāĻšā§āϛ⧇  instructors   drawings

Rule 22.  Illogical  comparative  --- general  similarity  and  difference

 Comparison āϏāĻžāϧāĻžāϰāĻŖāϤ āĻāĻ•āχ   entity āĻāϰ āĻŽāĻ§ā§āϝ⧇ āĻšā§Ÿā§‡ āĻĨāĻžāϕ⧇, āĻ•āĻŋāĻ¨ā§āϤ⧁ āĻ•āĻ–āύ⧋ āφāϞāĻžāĻĻāĻž āĻĻ⧁āϟāĻŋ āϜāĻŋāύāĻŋāϏ⧇āϰ āĻŽāĻ§ā§āϝ⧇  compare āĻ•āϰāĻž āĻšāϞ⧇ illogical  comparison āĻšā§ŸāĨ¤ āĻāĻ•ā§āώ⧇āĻ¤ā§āϰ⧇  that  of /  those of āĻŦā§āϝāĻŦāĻšāĻžāϰ āĻ•āϰ⧇ illogical  comparison āϕ⧇ logical  comparison āĻ āĻĒāϰāĻŋāĻŖāϤ āĻ•āϰāĻž āϝāĻžā§ŸāĨ¤

Noun  ( singular )  + verb  + different  from +  that  of ( in )  + { noun pronoun}

The  climate in the  north  + is + different  from + that  of + in the  south

Or 

Noun   ( plural )  + verb +  different from  + those  of  ( in )  +  { noun  pronoun }  

 The rules  + are  + different + from + those  of + soccer

Exercises :

 Incorrect :  The food in  my  country  is very  different  than   that  in  the  united  states

Correct :  The food in  my  country  is very  different  from    that  in  the  united  states

Rule 23. āϤ⧁āϞāύāĻžāϰ āϏāĻŽā§Ÿ āĻĻ⧁āχāϟāĻŋ  Noun āĻāϰ āĻĒā§āϰāĻĨāĻŽāϟāĻŋāϰ possessive  case āĻšāϞ⧇ āĻĻā§āĻŦāĻŋāĻ¤ā§€ā§ŸāϟāĻŋāϰāĻ“  possessive case āĻšā§ŸāĨ¤

Example :  

Incorrect:   karim's house  is better  than  rahim

Correct :  karim's house  is better  than  Rahim,s

Rule 24. āĻāĻ•āϟāĻŋ Sentence-āĻ āĻāĻ•āχ  noun āϕ⧇ modify āĻ•āϰāĻžāϰ āϜāĻ¨ā§āϝ āĻāĻ•āϧāĻŋāĻ•  adjective āĻŦā§āϝāĻŦāĻšā§ƒāϤ āĻšāϞ⧇, āϤāĻžāĻĻ⧇āϰ āĻĒā§āϰāĻ¤ā§āϝ⧇āϕ⧇āϰāχ āĻĒ⧃āĻĨāĻ•āĻ­āĻžāĻŦ⧇  Degree āĻ…āύ⧁āĻ¯ā§Ÿā§€ formation āĻšā§ŸāĨ¤

Example :

Incorrect :  you are  the wisest  and  beautiful  of  the  three  girls

Correct :  you are  the wisest  and  most  beautiful  of  the  three  girls

Incorrect :   mini is  intelligent  and  taller  than   goni

Correct :  mini is  more  intelligent  and  taller  than   goni

Rule 25.  āϤ⧁āϞāύāĻž āϝāĻĻāĻŋ āĻĻ⧁āχāϟāĻŋ Noun āĻāϰ āĻŽāĻ§ā§āϝ⧇ āύāĻž āĻŦ⧁āĻāĻŋā§Ÿā§‡ āĻĻ⧁āχāϟāĻŋ  adjective āĻāϰ āĻŽāĻ§ā§āϝ⧇ āĻŦ⧁āĻāĻžā§Ÿ, āϤāĻžāĻšāϞ⧇ āĻĒā§āϰāĻĨāĻŽāϟāĻŋāϰ āφāϗ⧇  more āĻŦā§āϝāĻŦāĻšā§ƒāϤ āĻšā§Ÿ āĻāĻŦāĻ‚ āωāϭ⧟ adjective āĻāϰ positive  degree āĻšā§ŸāĨ¤

Example : 

Incorrect :   This  rice is   cheaper   than  good

Correct :  This  rice is   more  cheaper   than  good

Rule 26. āύāĻŋāĻŽā§āύāϞāĻŋāĻ–āĻŋāϤ Word āϗ⧁āϞ⧋  superlative āĻāϰ āĻ…āĻ°ā§āĻĨ āĻĒā§āϰāĻĻāĻžāύ āĻ•āϰ⧇ āĻŦāϞ⧇ āĻāĻĻ⧇āϰ āĻĒā§‚āĻ°ā§āĻŦ⧇ āĻ•āĻ–āύāĻ“ most āĻŦā§āϝāĻŦāĻšā§ƒāϤ āĻšā§Ÿ āύāĻžāĨ¤ 

Supreme  , complete ,  unique , universal , perfect , false , etc

Example ;

 Incorrect :   He   has the most  supreme power

Correct :  He   has the   supreme power

Incorrect :  it is  the most  unique  opportunity 

 Correct :  It  is a unique  opportunity 

Rule  27.  Else āĻĻā§āĻŦāĻžāϰāĻž comparative  degree āύāĻž āĻŦ⧁āĻāĻžāϞ⧇āĻ“,  else āĻāϰ āĻĒāϰ than āĻŦā§āϝāĻŦāĻšā§ƒāϤ āĻšā§ŸāĨ¤

Example : 

  Incorrect :  I can  do  nothing  else  but  go there

Correct :  :  I can  do  nothing  else  than  go there

 Incorrect :  nobody  else  but   Rahim  can do  it

Correct :  nobody  else    than    Rahim  can do  it

Rule 28. āĻāĻ•āχ āĻŦāĻžāĻ•ā§āϝ⧇ āĻāĻ•āχ Adjective āĻāϰ āϜāĻ¨ā§āϝ⧇ āĻāĻ•āĻžāϧāĻŋāĻ• comparative āĻŦāĻž superlative  degree āĻŦā§āϝāĻŦāĻšā§ƒāϤ āĻšāϤ⧇ āĻĒāĻžāϰ⧇ āύāĻžāĨ¤

 Example : 

Incorrect :  This  tree  is  the  most  tallest  of  all  in this jungle

Correct :   This  tree  is  the  tallest  of  all  in this jungle

Incorrect :  I am  comparatively  better today

Correct : I am   better  today  or I am comparatively   well  today

Rule 29. āύāĻŋāĻŽā§āύāϞāĻŋāĻ–āĻŋāϤ Adjective āϏāĻŦ āϏāĻŽā§Ÿ comparative- āĻ āĻŦā§āϝāĻŦāĻšā§ƒāϤ āĻšā§Ÿ āĻāĻŦāĻ‚ āĻāĻĻ⧇āϰ āĻĒāϰ  than āύāĻž āĻŦāϏ⧇ to āĻŦāϏ⧇āĨ¤

Superior  ,  inferior , senior , junior  ,  prior , posterior

 Example :

 We must   give  thought  to this  prior  to that 

You  are  junior  to me  in age

 She is  senior  to you  by  three  years

 He is   superior  to  me  in rank

Rule 30. āύāĻŋāĻŽā§āύāϞāĻŋāĻ–āĻŋāϤ Adjective āϗ⧁āϞ⧋ āϏāĻŦ āϏāĻŽā§Ÿ positive  adjective āĻšāĻŋāϏ⧇āĻŦ⧇ āĻŦā§āϝāĻŦāĻšā§ƒāϤ āĻšā§Ÿ, āĻ•āĻ–āύāĻ“ āĻāĻĻ⧇āϰ āĻĒāϰ   than āĻ…āĻĨāĻŦāĻž to āϕ⧋āύāϟāĻŋāχ āĻŦā§āϝāĻŦāĻšā§ƒāϤ āĻšā§Ÿ āύāĻžāĨ¤

 Exterior ,  interior  , ulterior , major , minor

Example : 

 The  exterior  portion  of the  house  is worse  than  the  interior  portion

 He did  it  with  some  ulterior  motive

 The major  portion  of  the  people  are illiterate

 Do  not  quarrel  over  such  a minor matter


4. Comparison of adjective & adverb-rules 31 to 35

Comparison of adjective & adverb

Rule 31. āύāĻŋāĻŽā§āύāϞāĻŋāĻ–āĻŋāϤ Adjective āϗ⧁āϞ⧋ āϏāĻŦ āϏāĻŽā§Ÿ   positive  adjective āĻšāĻŋāϏ⧇āĻŦ⧇ āĻŦā§āϝāĻŦāĻšā§ƒāϤ āĻšā§Ÿ, āĻ•āĻ–āύāĻ“ āĻāĻĻ⧇āϰ āĻĒāϰ  than āĻ…āĻĨāĻŦāĻž to āϕ⧋āύāϟāĻŋāχ āĻŦā§āϝāĻŦāĻšā§ƒāϤ āĻšā§Ÿ āύāĻžāĨ¤

 Inner  , outer ,  latter , elder ,  hinder , upper , former , utter

Example : 

They  ran  to  the  outer wall

 Rule 32.  Later & latter

Later āĻ…āĻ°ā§āĻĨ-āĻĒāϰ⧇āĨ¤ āĻāϟāĻŋ  time āύāĻŋāĻ°ā§āĻĻ⧇āĻļ  āĻ•āϰ⧇ āĻāĻŦāĻ‚ āĻāϟāĻŋ comparative   adjective āĻšāĻŋāϏ⧇āĻŦ⧇ āĻŦāĻŦāĻšā§ƒāϤ āĻšā§Ÿ, āĻ…āĻ°ā§āĻĨāĻžā§Ž āĻāϰ āĻĒāϰ than āĻŦā§āϝāĻŦāĻšā§ƒāϤ āĻšā§ŸāĨ¤

  Example: 

 Incorrect :  she  came  to  school  latter  than  I

Correct :  she  came  to school  later  than I

āĻ•āĻŋāĻ¨ā§āϤ⧁ Latter āĻ…āĻ°ā§āĻĨ-āĻĒāϰāĻŦāĻ°ā§āϤ⧀āĨ¤ āĻāϟāĻŋ  position āύāĻŋāĻ°ā§āĻĻ⧇āĻļ āĻ•āϰ⧇ āĻāĻŦāĻ‚ āĻāϟāĻŋ comparative adjective āĻšāĻŋāϏ⧇āĻŦ⧇ āĻŦā§āϝāĻŦāĻšā§ƒāϤ āĻšā§Ÿ āύāĻž, āĻ…āĻ°ā§āĻĨāĻžā§Ž āĻāϰ āĻĒāϰ   than āĻŦā§āϝāĻŦāĻšā§ƒāϤ āĻšā§Ÿ āύāĻžāĨ¤

 Example :  open the  latter  chapter

 Correct :  open  the  latter  chapter

Rule 33.

 Farther  &  further

Farther  āĻ…āĻ°ā§āĻĨ-āĻ…āϧāĻŋāĻ•āϤāϰ āĻĻā§‚āϰāĻŦāĻ°ā§āϤ⧀āĨ¤ āĻāϟāĻŋ distance āύāĻŋāĻ°ā§āĻĻ⧇āĻļ āĻ•āϰ⧇ āĻāĻŦāĻ‚ āĻāϟāĻŋ comparative  adjective āĻšāĻŋāϏ⧇āĻŦ⧇ āĻŦā§āϝāĻŦāĻšā§ƒāϤ āĻšā§ŸāĨ¤ 

 Example : 

Incorrect :  Tangail  is  further from  Dhaka  than  gazipur

Correct : Tangail  is  further from  Dhaka  than  gazipur

āĻ•āĻŋāĻ¨ā§āϤ⧁  Further āĻ…āĻ°ā§āϤ-āĻĒ⧁āύāϰāĻžā§Ÿ āĻŦāĻž āĻ…āϤāĻŋāϰāĻŋāĻ•ā§āϤāĨ¤ āĻāϟāĻŋ  comparative adjective āĻšāĻŋāϏ⧇āĻŦ⧇ āĻŦā§āϝāĻŦāĻšā§ƒāϤ āĻšā§Ÿ āύāĻž, āĻ…āĻ°ā§āĻĨāĻžā§Ž āĻāϰ āĻĒāϰ than āĻŦā§āϝāĻŦāĻšā§ƒāϤ āĻšā§Ÿ āύāĻž, āĻāϰ āĻĒāϰ   noun āĻŦā§āϝāĻŦāĻšā§ƒāϤ āĻšā§ŸāĨ¤

Example : 

Incorrect :  no father  discussion  will  be held  on this  point

Correct :  no father  discussion  will  be held  on this  point

 

 

Rule 34. Older  &  elder 

Older āĻ…āĻ°ā§āĻĨ-āĻ…āϧāĻŋāĻ•āϤāϰ āĻŦ⧟āĻ¸ā§āĻ•/āĻĒ⧁āϰāĻžāϤāύāĨ¤ āĻāϟāĻŋ  comparative adjective āĻšāĻŋāϏ⧇āĻŦ⧇ āĻŦā§āϝāĻŦāĻšā§ƒāϤ āĻšā§ŸāĨ¤[āĻŽāύ⧇ āϰāĻžāĻ–āϤ⧇ āĻšāĻŦ⧇,  older āĻĻāĻŋā§Ÿā§‡ āϕ⧋āύ āĻĒāĻžāϰāĻŋāĻŦāĻžāϰāĻŋāĻ• āĻŦāĻž āφāĻ¤ā§āĻŽā§€ā§ŸāĻ—āϤ āϏāĻŽā§āĻĒāĻ°ā§āϕ⧇āϰ āĻĒā§āϰāϤāĻŋ āύāĻŋāĻ°ā§āĻĻ⧇āĻļ āĻ•āϰāĻž āĻšā§Ÿ āύāĻžāĨ¤]

Example :

 Incorrect :  she is  elder  than  his brother

Correct : she is  elder  than  his brother

āĻ•āĻŋāĻ¨ā§āϤ⧁ Elder āĻ…āĻ°ā§āĻĨ-āĻ…āϧāĻŋāĻ•āϤāϰ āĻŦ⧜āĨ¤ āĻāϟāĻŋ  comparative adjective āĻšāĻŋāϏ⧇āĻŦ⧇ āĻŦā§āϝāĻŦāĻšā§ƒāϤ āĻšā§Ÿ āύāĻž, āĻ…āĻ°ā§āĻĨāĻžā§Ž āĻāϰ āĻĒāϰ  than āĻŦā§āϝāĻŦāĻšā§ƒāϤ āĻšā§Ÿ āύāĻž, āĻāϰ āĻĒāϰ noun āĻŦā§āϝāĻŦāĻšā§ƒāϤ āĻšā§ŸāĨ¤ 

  [āĻŽāύ⧇ āϰāĻžāĻ–āϤ⧇ āĻšāĻŦ⧇, Elder āĻĻāĻŋā§Ÿā§‡ āĻĒāĻžāϰāĻŋāĻŦāĻžāϰāĻŋāĻ• āĻŦāĻž āφāĻ¤ā§āĻŽā§€ā§ŸāĻ—āϤ āϏāĻŽā§āĻĒāĻ°ā§āϕ⧇āϰ āĻĒā§āϰāϤāĻŋ āύāĻŋāĻ°ā§āĻĻ⧇āĻļ āĻ•āϰāĻž āĻšā§Ÿ]

Example : 

Incorrect : My  older  brother  is   a university  student

Correct :   My  elder   brother  is   a university  student

 Rule 35.  Less  &  fewer

Less āĻ…āĻ°ā§āĻĨ-āĻ…āϧāĻŋāĻ•āϤāϰ āĻ•āĻŽ; āĻāϰ āĻĻā§āĻŦāĻžāϰāĻž āĻĒāϰāĻŋāĻŽāĻžāĻŖ āĻŦ⧁āĻāĻžā§Ÿ āĻāĻŦāĻ‚ āĻāϟāĻŋ  comparative adjective āĻšāĻŋāϏ⧇āĻŦ⧇ āĻŦā§āϝāĻŦāĻšā§ƒāϤ āĻšā§Ÿ, āϤāĻŦ⧇   uncountable   noun āĻāϰ āφāϗ⧇ āĻŦā§āϝāĻŦāĻšā§ƒāϤ āĻšā§ŸāĨ¤

Example : 

Incorrect :  this  mug  contains  fewer  water  than  that

Correct this  mug  contains   less  water  than  that

āĻ•āĻŋāĻ¨ā§āϤ⧁ Fewer āĻ…āĻ°ā§āĻĨ-āĻ…āϧāĻŋāĻ•āϤāϰ āĻ•āĻŽāĨ¤ āĻāϟāĻŋ comparative adjective āĻšāĻŋāϏ⧇āĻŦ⧇ āĻŦā§āϝāĻŦāĻšā§ƒāϤ āĻšā§Ÿ, āϤāĻŦ⧇ āĻāϟāĻŋ  countable  noun āĻāϰ āĻ•ā§āώ⧇āĻ¤ā§āϰ⧇ āĻŦā§āϝāĻŦāĻšā§ƒāϤ āĻšā§Ÿ āĻāĻŦāĻ‚ āĻāϰ āĻĻā§āĻŦāĻžāϰāĻž āϏāĻ‚āĻ–ā§āϝāĻž āĻŦ⧁āĻāĻžā§ŸāĨ¤

Example :

Incorrect :  No less  than  twenty  boys were  present  there

Correct :  No fewer  than  twenty  boys were  present  there