Subject verb agreement-Rules 1-8

Subject এবং verb এর মধ্যে number এবং person অনুযায়ী মিল বা সম্পর্ক থাকলে তাকে subject verb agreement বলে। নিম্নে কিছু নিয়ম বর্ণনা করা হলো:

Rule 1: Noun শব্দগত বা অর্থগত যে কোন দিক হতে Plural হলে (অর্থগত Plural যেমন: public, mob, people etc.) Verb/Pronoun টি-ও plural হবে। Example: 1. The police (were) walking along the street and (they) were followed by a group of detectives. / 2.  Poultry (are) roaming in the pasture.

Rule 2: (Each +Singular Noun)+ and+(Each +singular Noun) হলে Verb/Pronoun Singular অথবা (Every +singular noun)+and+(every +singular noun) হলে Verb/Pronoun singular. যেমন- Each instructor and every student in this building (hopes) for a new facility by the next year. তবে, Every +singular noun and plural noun +plural verb/pronoun. Example: Every student and instructors ( hope) for a new facility by the next year.

Rule 3: Majority/ Minority +Plural Noun/Pronoun-Plural verb. Example: Majority of the specialists (believe) that smoking is deleterious to (their) health. / Minority of them (have) supported the candidate.

কিন্তু Majority, minority সরাসরি (Noun/pronoun) ছাড়া বসলে  Verb singular হবে। Majority/Minority---- Singular verb. Example: 1. Majority (believes) that smoking is deleterious to health. / 2. Minority (has) supported the candidate.

Rule 4:  Real Subject অনুযায়ী verb হবে। অর্থাৎ preposition এর পূর্ববর্তী Norn/Pronoun অনুযায়ী verb হবে। Subject +Prepositional phrase—verb. Example: 1. The horror of it all (is) too much for Boyde. / 2. Politics prevailing in the states (is) sometimes a dirty business and (it) should be stopped. / 3. A large percentage of the older population (is) voting against her.

Rule 5: both-----and---- হলে verb/pronoun plural হবে। Example:  At first both of the horses (were) nervous but (they) ran very well. /  Both pavel and Hafsa (are) zealous.

Rule 6: together with / along with / accompanied by /with / as well as / with+ কোন কিছু/ব্যক্তি / and not/ but not   + Noun/Pronoun +verb থাকলে ১ম অংশের Sub অনুযায়ী verb হবে (formula-তে প্রদত্ত noun/pronoun অনুযায়ী নয়) । Example: The mayor together with his two brothers (is) going to deliver (his) speech. / The piano as well as the pipe organs (has) to be tuned for the big concert. / The international club, as well as the choral society and the rowing club, (needs) to submit a new constitution(itself). / The big dipper as well as many other constellations (is,) easy to find.

Rule 7: Noun of Multitude: একই মত, ধারণা, কাজ পোষণ করলে ---Verb/pronoun Singular, ভিন্ন ভিন্ন মত, ধারণা, কাজ পোষণ করলে-----Verb/Pronoun Plural. ( Club, class, congress, parliament, gang, gaggle etc. এরা Noun of Multitude.) Example: The committee (were) taking all the responsibilities (themselves) / The class (is) going to arrange a debate. / The class (are) in different views about the topic.

Rule 8: Collective Expressions. যেমন- A herd of cattle / A gaggle of girls / A pack of dogs / A Pride of lions/  A school of fish/es / A gang of rogues / A chorus of singers + Singular Verb/Pronoun. Example: A box of books as well as a large suitcase (is,) under the bed and (it) (was) covered. /  A pride of lions (is) approaching to the baby. /  A gang of rogues (is) coming forward. / A pack of dogs (has) been appointed to guard the meeting.

Subject Verb Agreement

Subject এবং verb এর মধ্যে number এবং person অনুযায়ী মিল বা সম্পর্ক থাকলে তাকে subject verb agreement বলে। নিম্নে কিছু নিয়ম বর্ণনা করা হলো:

Rule 9: Gerund/Infinitive/that clause: Gerund দিয়ে Sentence শুরু হলে Verb/Pronoun Singularহবে। Example: 1. Smoking in open daylight (is) highly harmful for health and (it) should be stopped. / 2. Drinking sufficient milk (keeps) our brain cool.

Rule 10: Sub+V+ One of+N/P+who+verb plural , Sub+V+the one of+N/P + who+verb singular, Sub+V+ only one of+ N/P+who+verb singular. Example: Carlos is the only one of those students who (has) proved (his) performance. /  Hartford is one of those cities that (are) working hard to reclaim a riverfront. / He is one of the employees who (work) overtime regularly.

Rule 11: A number +Plural verb, The number +singular verb. Example: A number of students (have) submitted (his/her/their) assignments. / The number of agitating people (is) not negligible and (it) should be reduced.

Rule 12: One of+ plural noun/pronoun +verb singular. Example: One of my instructors (has) written a letter of recommendation for me. / One of my best friends (is) an extra on Seinfeld this week.

Rule 13: Percentage(শতকরা) বা Fraction(ভগ্নাংশ) থাকলে: i. Noun/Pronoun Uncountable/Singular হলে verb/pronoun singular হবে (অর্থাৎ its হবে)। ii. Noun/Pronoun টি countable এবং plural হলে- verb/pronoun plural হবে। Example: Two-fifths of the troops (were) lost in the battle. / Two-fifths of the vineyard (was) destroyed by fire. / Forty percent of the students (are) in favor of changing the policy. / One third of the milk ( has) lost (its) food value.

Rule 14: কোন Noun/Pronoun এর পূর্বে not-----/but not/and not থাকলে তা (noun/pronounটি) subject গণনার ক্ষেত্রে বাদ যাবে।Example: It is not the faculty members but the president who (decides) this issue (himself). / The department members but not the chair (have) decided not to teach on Valentine’s Day. / It was the speaker and not his ideas that ( has) provoked the students to riot.

Rule 15: Amount of Time, Money, Distance সর্বদা Singular. Example: Two and two (is) four. / Four years (is) a long time to spend away from your friends and family. / Four times four divided by two (is) eight. / “jaws”, a movie about sharks, (was) seen by a record number of people and (it) (was) a thriller.

Rule 16: কিছু কিছু Noun যারা দেখতে Plural-এর মত, অথচ Meaning -Singular তাদের Verb/Pronoun- Singular হবে। আবার কিছু কিছু Noun যারা দেখতে Singular-এর মত, অথচ  Meaning -plural তাদের verb/pronoun - plural হবে। Example: People (are) highly astonished seeing such a good performance from such an amateur. / Mathematics (is) a very easy subject but (it) needs a lot of practice. /  Measles (has) become less common in the United States and (it) will be extinct shortly.

Rule 17: One হলে অবশ্যই (possessive pronounহিসেবে) One’s হবে।তবে No one থাকলে his/her হবে।Example:  One should respect one’s teachers. /  No one should leave away his/her homework.

Subject Verb Agreement

Subject এবং verb এর মধ্যে number এবং person অনুযায়ী মিল বা সম্পর্ক থাকলে তাকে subject verb agreement বলে। নিম্নে কিছু নিয়ম বর্ণনা করা হলো:

Rule 18: Relative Pronoun যার পরিবর্তে বসবে তা অনুযায়ী Pronoun/verb হবে। Example: It is Tanha who (has) solved (her) problem.

Rule 19: কোন Sentence-এ and দ্বারা একধিক  Noun/Pronoun যুক্ত থাকলে  verb/Pronoun-টি plural হবে। Example:  The blacksmith and the pub owner (step) forward. / Rafiq and Kamrul (are) going to find the new syllabus for (their) next semesters. তবে,

i) একই রকম/রীতি, ধারণা বুঝালে বা একই ব্যক্তিকে বুঝালে; যেমন- Bread and butter/ Time and tide /Horse and carriage/ Beauty and lovely / Soup and salad     / Tea and coffee /Honesty and integrity এরা singular হিসেবে বসে, সুতরাং  verb/pronoun singular হবে।কিন্তু, আলাদা আলাদা বুঝালে Verb/pronoun plural হবে। Example:  Rice and beans, my favorite dish, (reminds) me of my native Puerto Rico for (its) good test. /  The student newspaper and the student council(Meet) on Tuesday afternoons and the speaker will trace out the relationship between (them).

ব্যক্তিবাচকের ক্ষেত্রে--- The principal and the secretary are coming to submit their proposals.(ভিন্ন ভিন্ন ব্যক্তি)/ The principal and secretary is coming to submit his proposal.(একই ব্যক্তি)

Rule 20: Correlative Conjunction: Either --------or---------- / Neither-------- not--------- / Not only ----------- but also--------থাকলে Verb-এর নিকটবর্তী  subject অনুযায়ী verb/pronoun হবে।Example: Either an atlas or an almanac (is) sure to have the answer to your question about the topography of Mexico. / Not only the spider but also all other arachnids (have) four pairs of legs which have made (them) distinguished from other species. / Neither the teacher nor the students (seem) to understand this assignment. / Either the Committee on Course Design or the committee on college Operations (decides) these matters. /  (Has) either my father or my brothers made a down-payment on the house?

বি:দ্র:-এখানে Verb এর নিকটবর্তী  subject-My father অনুযায়ী verb-has হয়েছে।

Rule 21: Each, every, either, neither, many a/an এরা সরাসরি  singular verb/pronoun গ্রহন করে। Example: Each of them (asks) him many questions in (his/her) turn. / Everybody in the class (has) done (his/her) home work well in advance. / Neither of my two suitcases (is) adequate for this trip. / Many a lawyer (takes) his/her seat in the courtroom.

Rule 22: No+body, thing,one /Every+body,thing,one / Some+ body,thing,one / Any+ body,thing,one +Singular verb. Example:  Everyone has done (his/her) homework. /  Somebody (has) left (her) purse. / Anybody was capable of doing (his/her) duty.

Rule 23: No/None+plural Noun/Pronoun+plural verb/ pronoun. Example: None of them (claim) responsibility for this incident. / None of the students (have) done (their) homework.

Rule 24: Several, few, many, other, others এরা সরাসরি plural verb গ্রহণ করে।Example: Few of the apples (are) still hanging on the tree and a thief was looking at (them). /  Several of the children (were) painting the wall with (their) fingers./ Several (were) present in the meeting

Rule 25: Some, more, most, rest, all, majority, minority, a lot of, a great deal of এরা যে Noun কে নির্দেশ করে তা অনুযায়ী  verb/pronoun হবে। অর্থাৎ- এরা+ Non-count Noun হলে  verb/pronoun Singular হবে। এরা+ Plural Noun/pronoun হলে verb/pronoun Plural হবে। Example:  Most of the milk (has) gone bad and (it/them) should be thrown away. Six cans of milk (are) / still in the refrigerator and two of (them/her/his) (are) damaged. / Some of the grain(has) gone bad. / Some of the cake (was) left on the table. / Some of the boxes (were) opened and thrown in the trash.

Rule 26: Here , there এর পরবর্তী Noun অনুযায়ী Verb/Pronoun হবে।Example: There (is) a list of committee members on the head-table and the president hung (it) himself. /  There (are) two reasons for this mishap and each of (them) should be analyzed.