Subjunctives
16. Subjunctives
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Subjunctives-Introduction and RulesSubjunctive āĻŦāϞāϤ⧠āĻŦāĻŋāĻļā§āώ āĻāĻŋāĻā§ verb, Noun āĻāĻŦāĻ expression āĻā§ āĻŦā§āĻāĻžā§ āϝāĻžāϰāĻž āĻŦāĻžāĻā§āϝ⧠verb āĻāϰ āĻŦāĻŋāĻļā§āώ āĻ āĻŦāϏā§āĻĨāĻž āĻā§āϰāĻšāĻŖ āĻāϰ⧠āĻ āϰā§āĻĨāĻžā§ verb āĻāϰ āϏāĻžāĻĨā§ Auxiliary / s , es / ing / past form āĻšā§ āύāĻžāĨ¤
āĻāϰāĻž āĻā§āύ Sentence āĻ āĻŦā§āϝāĻŦāĻšā§āϤ āĻšāϞ⧠āϏ⧠Sentence āĻāĻŋāϰ āĻ āϰā§āĻĨ āĻĻāĻžā§āĻžā§ that āϝā§āĻā§āϤ clause āĻāϰ subject āĻāĻžāĻāĻāĻŋ ( that āϝā§āĻā§āϤ clause āĻāϰ verb āĻāĻŋ) āϏāĻŽā§āĻĒāĻžāĻĻāύ āĻāϰā§āĻāĨ¤ Example : The teacher advises that Mina learn the lesson.
āĻāĻ Sentence āĻāĻŋāϤ⧠advises āĻļāĻŦā§āĻĻāĻāĻŋ āĻĨāĻžāĻāĻžā§ āϤāĻžāϰ ( Sentence āĻāĻŋāϰ) āĻ āϰā§āĻĨ āĻĻāĻžā§āĻžā§ Mina lesson āĻāĻŋ āĻļāĻŋāĻā§āĻāĨ¤
āύāĻŋāĻā§āϰ āĻāĻ word āĻā§āϞā§āĻā§ subjunctive āĻŦāϞā§āĻ
1. The list of verbs: ask / demand / desire / insist / prefer / propose / recommend / request / require / suggest / urge etc
2. The list of Nouns: demand / insistence / preference / proposal / recommendation / request / requirement / suggestion etc
3. The list of expression: essential / imperative / important / necessary / urgent etc
Subjunctive āĻŦā§āϝāĻŦāĻšāĻžāϰā§āϰ āύāĻŋā§āĻŽāĻ
Rule 1. That clause āϝāĻāύ active voice: That clause āĻāϰ verb-āĻāĻŋ active voice āĻ āĻĨāĻžāĻāϞ⧠āĻļā§āϧ⧠base form āĻŦāĻž present form āĻŦāϏāĻŦā§āĨ¤ āĻā§āύ auxiliary verb āĻŦā§āϝāĻŦāĻšāĻžāϰ āĻāϰāĻž āϝāĻžāĻŦā§ āύāĻžāĨ¤ āĻ āϰā§āĻĨāĻžā§ ( subjunctive world --------------------+ that + sub+ verb ( base form ) + ext .) Example: The doctor suggested that his patient stop smoking / We proposed that Rony take a vacation / She ignored the suggestion that she get more exercise. /It is necessary that he find the books / It was urgent that she leave at once.
Rule 2. That clause āϝāĻāύ passive voice: That clause āĻāϰ verb āĻāĻŋ passive voice āĻ āĻĨāĻžāĻāϞ⧠āĻļā§āϧ⧠be+ verb(past participle form ) āĻŦāϏāĻŦā§āĨ¤ āĻā§āύ Auxiliary verb āĻŦā§āϝāĻŦāĻšāĻžāϰ āĻāϰāĻž āϝāĻžāĻŦā§ āύāĻžāĨ¤ āĻ āϰā§āĻĨāĻžā§ (Subjunctive world --------------------+ that + sub+ verb (base participle form) + ext. )Example: The doctor suggested that smoking be given up
Rule 3. That clause āϝāĻāύ negative: That clause āĻāϰ verb āĻāĻŋ negative āĻšāϞ⧠not + verb (base form) āĻŦāϏāĻŦā§āĨ¤ āĻā§āύ auxiliary verb āĻŦā§āϝāĻŦāĻšāĻžāϰ āĻāϰāĻž āϝāĻžāĻŦā§ āύāĻžāĨ¤ āĻ āϰā§āĻĨāĻžā§Subjunctive world --------------------+ that + sub+ not+ verb (base form) + ext.)Example: The doctor suggested that he not smoke / I propose that the teachers not attend the students' gathering.