A birth certificate is a vital record that documents the birth of a child. The term "birth certificate" can refer to either the original document certifying the circumstances of the birth or to a certified copy of or representation of the ensuing registration of that birth. Depending on the jurisdiction, a record of birth might or might not contain verification of the event by such as a midwife or doctor.
The documentation of births is a practice widely held throughout human civilization, especially in China, Egypt, Greece, Rome, and Persia. The original purpose of vital statistics was for tax purposes and for the determination of available military manpower. Births were initially registered with churches, who maintained registers of births. This practice continued into the 19th century.[1] The compulsory registration of births with governmental agencies is a practice that originated in the United Kingdom in 1853.[2] The United States did not get a standardized system until 1902.
Black Money
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Black money is money which is earned through any illegal activity controlled by country regulations. Black money proceeds are usually received in cash from underground economic activity and, as such, is not taxed. Recipients of black money must hide it, spend it only in the underground economy, or attempt to give it the appearance of legitimacy through money laundering.
Possible sources of black money include drug trafficking, weapons trading, terrorism, prostitution, selling counterfeit or stolen goods and selling pirated versions of copyrighted items such as software and musical recordings. Black Money is also the name of a television series hosted by Lowell Bergman that explores the secret world of bribery in international business.
Brain Drain
Introduction:
Brain drain is a sociological term which refers to the emigration of intelligent, well-educated individuals to somewhere for better pay or conditions. This causes the place they came from to lose those skilled people, referred as brains. This makes the source country suffer in intellectual terms and creates a vicious cycle. Well-educated people find no opportunity there to exercise their merit and leave the country. Sometimes, people leave their motherland in search for better and stable living conditions.
Causes:
Our country, Bangladesh today is probably the worst case of the flight of human resources. Bangladeshis have nobody to blame but themselves for their obsession to leave the country. In some countries which have been declared as failed states like Somalia and Sudan with a hopeless future and low availability of basics of survival, the migration of educated and professionally qualified persons may be justified.
Such is not the case for Bangladesh. The prime reasons for people abandoning our country are less job satisfaction or working conditions. Less stimulations for personal improvements in case of professionals is another reason. Our often unstable political conditions can impact some people’s decisions too.
Effects:
Losing the ‘brains’ of a country is loss enough. Every year about thousands of information technologists, doctors, engineers, teachers, researchers, accountants, etc. are leaving Bangladesh as immigrants. The state and the taxpayers had done much for their education and career but they would be lost forever by the country. Bangladesh would get ultimately no services or resources from them and increasing hazards will be faced to fill up their empty ranks. Countrymen will suffer from further reduced services delivered to them from the thinning number of the professionals.
Possible solutions:
Government should recognize and do whatever it can such as giving them enhanced salaries, funding for research and other facilities at work places etc, motivating them to remain in the country. We need to offer these people something to work for. These investments will not go in vain as these people can help mold the country for the next century.
Conclusion:
Some bright examples can also be offered, like renowned writer Muhammad Zafar Iqbal and Maqsudul Alam, the inventor of Jute Genome. They both worked at world class laboratories; yet they came back to serve their motherland. These brilliant people sacrificed their shining careers for their country. We should take lesson from this. However, other people will surely be interested to serve their country if they are offered proper opportunities.Â
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