The-Verb-Non Finite

12. The-Verb-Non Finite

Non-Finite Verb

Non-Finite Verb  āϕ⧇ āϤāĻŋāύ āĻ­āĻžāϗ⧇ āĻ­āĻžāĻ— āĻ•āϰāĻž āϝāĻžā§ŸāĨ¤ āϝāĻĨāĻž t

(a)             Infinitive;           (b) Participle.           (c) Gerund.

 

(a) Infinitive: Verb āĻāϰ Present āϰ⧂āĻĒ āĻāϰ āĻĒā§‚āĻ°ā§āĻŦ⧇  to āϝ⧁āĻ•ā§āϤ āĻ•āϰāϞ⧇ āϝ⧇ āϰ⧂āĻĒ āĻ—āĻ āĻŋāϤ āĻšāϝ āϤāĻžāĻšāĻžāχ Infinitive.    

āϝ⧇āĻŽāύ:  a. He came to meet me.                     b. They want you to make a good result.

 

Use of Infinitive

a.   Verb āĻāϰ Subject  āĻšāĻŋāϏāĻžāĻŦ⧇ āĻŦāϏ⧇āĨ¤ āϝ⧇āĻŽāύt

                   (i) To swim is a good exercise.      (ii) To tell a lie is a great sin.   (c) To err is human.

b.   Transitive Verb  āĻāϰ Object  āĻšāĻŋāϏāĻžāĻŦ⧇ āĻŦāϏ⧇āĨ¤ āϝ⧇āĻŽāύ t

            (i) My wife has planned to go there. (ii) He likes to play football.

(iii) He wants to teach me.

c.   Subject āĻāϰ Complement āĻšāĻŋāϏāĻžāĻŦ⧇ āĻŦāϏ⧇āĨ¤ āϝ⧇āĻŽāύ t 

          (i) His target is to get  A+.                (ii) My hobby is to angle.

d.   Preposition āĻāϰ Object āϰ⧂āĻĒ⧇ āĻŦāϏāϤ⧇ āĻĒāĻžāϰ⧇āĨ¤ āϝ⧇āĻŽāύ t 

          (i) The man was about to die.      (ii) The floor was about to bloom but did not bloom.

e.   āĻ…āύ⧇āĻ• āϏāĻŽā§Ÿ Sentence āĻāϰ āĻļ⧁āϰ⧁āϤ⧇ Infinitive āĻāϏ⧇ Sentence āĻāϰ āĻ…āĻ°ā§āĻĨāϕ⧇ āĻĒāϰāĻŋāĻĒā§‚āĻ°ā§āĻŖ   āĻ•āϰ⧇āĨ¤ āϝ⧇āĻŽāύt--

            (i) To speak the truth, he is an honest man.   (ii) To be brief, he will not come.

Bare Infinitive:  āφāĻŽāϰāĻž āϜāĻžāύāĻŋ āĻĒāĻžāĻļāĻžāĻĒāĻžāĻļāĻŋ āĻĻ⧁āχāϟāĻž Verb āφāϏāϞ⧇ āĻĒāϰ⧇āϰ Verb āϟāĻŋ Gerund āĻšā§Ÿ āĻ…āĻĨāĻŦāĻž Participle āĻšā§Ÿ āĻ•āĻŋāĻ¨ā§āϤ⧁ āĻ•āĻŋāϛ⧁ Verb āφāϛ⧇ āϝāĻžāĻĻ⧇āϰ āĻĒāϰ⧇ Infinitive āĻŦāϏāĻž āωāϚāĻŋā§Ž āĻ›āĻŋāϞ āĻ•āĻŋāĻ¨ā§āϤ⧁ āĻŦāϏ⧇ āύāĻž āϤāĻžāĻĻ⧇āϰāϕ⧇ Bare Infinitive āĻŦāϞāĻž āĻšā§ŸāĨ¤ āĻ āϜāĻžāĻ¤ā§€ā§Ÿ Verb āϗ⧁āϞāĻŋāϰ āĻĒāϰ⧇ āĻāĻ•āϟāĻž Object āĻŦāϏ⧇ āĻ…āϤāσāĻĒāϰ āϤāĻžāϰāĻĒāϰ āĻāĻ•āϟāĻž Base form of Verb āĻŦāϏ⧇ āĨ¤āĻ āϜāĻžāĻ¤ā§€ā§Ÿ Verb āϗ⧁āϞāĻŋ āĻšāϞ: let, make see, watch, hear, behold,

            (i) He does not let me go home.                     (ii) They saw me go there.

            (iii) We heard her sing a song.                     &nbsnbsp; (iv) Father made us understand it.

 

Participle:

      Verb  āĻāϰ āϝ⧇ āϰ⧂āĻĒ āĻāĻ•āχ āϏāĻžāĻĨ⧇ Verb āĻ“ Adjective āĻāϰ āĻ•āĻžāϜ āĻ•āϰ⧇ āϤāĻžāϕ⧇ Participle āĻŦāϞ⧇āĨ¤ āϝ⧇āĻŽāύt

      a. We saw a singing bird.                       b. Lost health can hardly be recovered.

Participle  āϕ⧇ āφāĻŦāĻžāϰ ā§Š āĻ­āĻžāϗ⧇ āĻ­āĻžāĻ— āĻ•āϰāĻž āϝāĻžā§ŸāĨ¤ āϝāĻĨāĻž t

(a) Present Participle   (b) Past Participle   (c) Perfect Participle.

(a) Present Participle : Verb  āĻāϰ āϏāĻžāĻĨ⧇ ing  āϝ⧁āĻ•ā§āϤ āĻ•āϰāϞ⧇ āϝāĻĻāĻŋ āϏ⧇āϟāĻŋ Verb āĻ“ Adjective āĻšāĻŋāϏ⧇āĻŦ⧇ āĻ•āĻžāϜ āĻ•āϰ⧇ āϤāĻžāĻšāϞ⧇ Present Participle. āϝ⧇āĻŽāύ t

a. A barking dog seldom bites.            b. None should get on a running bus.

c. We found them playing cricket.      d. We were enjoying an exciting game.

 

Use of  Present Participle

a.   Noun  āĻāϰ āφāϗ⧇ āĻŦāϏ⧇ Noun āĻāϰ āϗ⧁āĻŖ āĻĒā§āϰāĻ•āĻžāĻļ āĻ•āϰ⧇āĨ¤ āϝ⧇āĻŽāύ t 

         (i) This is an interesting story.  (ii) He has a pleasing voice. (iii) He shot a flying bird.

b.   āĻ•āĻ–āύ⧋ āĻ•āĻ–āύ⧋ Preposition  āĻšāĻŋāϏāĻžāĻŦ⧇ āĻŦāϏāϤ⧇ āĻĒāĻžāϰ⧇āĨ¤ āϝ⧇āĻŽāύ t

(i) The boy knew nothing regarding it.         (ii) Nobody came saving(except) one.

(iii) He gave a piece of information regarding (about) him.

c.   āĻ…āύ⧇āĻ• āϏāĻŽā§Ÿ see, hear, watch, find  āχāĻ¤ā§āϝāĻžāĻĻāĻŋ verb āĻāϰ āĻĒāϰ Object āĻāĻŦāĻ‚ āϤāĻžāϰ āĻĒāϰ⧇āϰ āĻ…āĻ‚āĻļāϟāĻŋ present Participle  āĻšāĻŋāϏ⧇āĻŦ⧇ āĻ—āĻŖā§āϝ āĻšā§ŸāĨ¤ āϝ⧇āĻŽāύ t

(i) He saw me coming here.        (ii) We heard her singing.

d.   Have, get, start, keep, leave, find, catch  āχāĻ¤ā§āϝāĻžāĻĻāĻŋ Verb āĻāϰ āĻĒāϰ Subject  āĻāĻŦāĻ‚ āϤāĻžāϰāĻĒāϰ ing  āϝ⧁āĻ•ā§āϤ āĻ…āĻ‚āĻļ āĻĨāĻžāĻ•āϞ⧇ āϏ⧇āϟāĻŋ Present Participle āĻšāĻŋāϏ⧇āĻŦ⧇ āĻ—āĻŖā§āϝ āĻšā§ŸāĨ¤ āϝ⧇āĻŽāύ t  

            (i) He kept me waiting.          (ii) I caught the man stealing a mango.

e.   Present Participle  āĻ•āĻ–āύāĻ“ āĻ•āĻ–āύ⧋ āϏāĻŽā§Ÿ, āĻ•āĻžāϰāĻŖ āĻ“ āĻļāĻ°ā§āϤ āĻĒā§āϰāĻ•āĻžāĻļ āĻ•āϰāĻžāϰ āϜāĻ¨ā§āϝ āĻŦā§āϝāĻŦāĻšā§ƒāϤ āĻšā§ŸāĨ¤ āϝ⧇āĻŽāύ t

(i) Being ill, he could not come to the meeting.

(ii) While walking along the road, I saw a dead cow.

(iii) Turning to the left, you will find my house.

Past Participle: Verb  āĻāϰ Past Participle  āĻŦāĻž ā§Šā§Ÿ āϰ⧂āĻĒ āϝāĻ–āύ āĻāĻ•āχ āϏāĻžāĻĨ⧇ Verb  āĻ“  Adjective  āĻāϰ āĻ•āĻžāϜ āĻ•āϰ⧇ āϤāĻ–āύ āϤāĻžāϕ⧇ Past Participle  āĻŦāϞ⧇āĨ¤ āϝ⧇āĻŽāύ t

     a.   Remove the broken glass.

      b.   His father is a retired army officer.

      c.   Don’t drink arsenic contaminated water.

Prefect Participle: Having + āĻŽā§‚āϞ  verb āĻāϰ Past participle  †K Perfect Participle  āĻŦāϞ⧇āĨ¤ āϝ⧇āĻŽāύ t

a. Having done it. he went away.    

b. He went away having closed the door.

 

Gerund

Verb  āĻāϰ āϏāĻžāĻĨ⧇ ing āϝ⧁āĻ•ā§āϤ āĻ•āϰāϞ⧇ āϝāĻĻāĻŋ āĻāĻ•āχ āϏāĻžāĻĨ⧇ Verb āĻ“ Noun āĻāϰ āĻ•āĻžāϜ āĻ•āϰ⧇ āϤāĻžāĻšāϞ⧇ āϤāĻžāϕ⧇ Gerund  āĻŦāϞ⧇āĨ¤

āϝ⧇āĻŽāύ t a. Walking is a good exercise.    b. He stops reading novels.

 

Use of Gerund

a.   Verb āĻāϰ Subject  āĻšāĻŋāϏāĻžāĻŦ⧇ āĻŦāϏ⧇āĨ¤ āϝ⧇āĻŽāύt Swimming is a good exercise

b.   Transitive Verb  āĻāϰ Object  āĻšāĻŋāϏāĻžāĻŦ⧇ āĻŦāϏ⧇āĨ¤ āϝ⧇āĻŽāύ t My wife loves gardening.

c.   Subject āĻāϰ Complement āĻšāĻŋāϏāĻžāĻŦ⧇ āĻŦāϏ⧇ |

āϝ⧇āĻŽāύ t  (i) His target is getting  a+. (ii) My hobby is angling

d.   Preposition āĻāϰ Object āϰ⧂āĻĒ⧇ āĻŦāϏāϤ⧇ āĻĒāĻžāϰ⧇āĨ¤ āϝ⧇āĻŽāύ t 

            (i) He is absorbed in reading.                (ii)  I am fond of playing.

e.   Compound Noun  āĻāϰ āĻ…āĻ‚āĻļ āĻšāĻŋāϏāĻžāĻŦ⧇ āĻŦāϏāϤ⧇ āĻĒāĻžāϰ⧇āĨ¤ āϝ⧇āĻŽāύ t

          (i) This is our dressing table.           (ii) He is in the drawing room.

f.    āϝāĻĻāĻŋ Possessive (āϝ⧇āĻŽāύ t my, his, her, your, their āχāĻ¤ā§āϝāĻžāĻĻāĻŋ)-āĻāϰ āĻĒāϰ Verb  āĻāϰ āϏāĻžāĻĨ⧇ ing āϝ⧁āĻ•ā§āϤ āĻšā§ŸāĨ¤ āϝ⧇āĻŽāύ t

            (i) He scolded me for my telling a lie.   (ii) I am afraid of its happening.

 


5. Parts of speech -Adverb

Description is not applied here.