The-Verb-Non Finite
Non-Finite Verb
Non-Finite Verb āĻā§ āϤāĻŋāύ āĻāĻžāĻā§ āĻāĻžāĻ āĻāϰāĻž āϝāĻžā§āĨ¤ āϝāĻĨāĻž t
(a) Infinitive; (b) Participle. (c) Gerund.
(a) Infinitive: Verb āĻāϰ Present āϰā§āĻĒ āĻāϰ āĻĒā§āϰā§āĻŦā§ to āϝā§āĻā§āϤ āĻāϰāϞ⧠āϝ⧠āϰā§āĻĒ āĻāĻ āĻŋāϤ āĻšāϝ āϤāĻžāĻšāĻžāĻ Infinitive.
āϝā§āĻŽāύ: a. He came to meet me. b. They want you to make a good result.
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Use of Infinitive |
a. Verb āĻāϰ Subject āĻšāĻŋāϏāĻžāĻŦā§ āĻŦāϏā§āĨ¤ āϝā§āĻŽāύt
(i) To swim is a good exercise. (ii) To tell a lie is a great sin. (c) To err is human.
b. Transitive Verb āĻāϰ Object āĻšāĻŋāϏāĻžāĻŦā§ āĻŦāϏā§āĨ¤ āϝā§āĻŽāύ t
(i) My wife has planned to go there. (ii) He likes to play football.
(iii) He wants to teach me.
c. Subject āĻāϰ Complement āĻšāĻŋāϏāĻžāĻŦā§ āĻŦāϏā§āĨ¤ āϝā§āĻŽāύ t
(i) His target is to get A+. (ii) My hobby is to angle.
d. Preposition āĻāϰ Object āϰā§āĻĒā§ āĻŦāϏāϤ⧠āĻĒāĻžāϰā§āĨ¤ āϝā§āĻŽāύ t
(i) The man was about to die. (ii) The floor was about to bloom but did not bloom.
e. āĻ āύā§āĻ āϏāĻŽā§ Sentence āĻāϰ āĻļā§āϰā§āϤ⧠Infinitive āĻāϏ⧠Sentence āĻāϰ āĻ āϰā§āĻĨāĻā§ āĻĒāϰāĻŋāĻĒā§āϰā§āĻŖ āĻāϰā§āĨ¤ āϝā§āĻŽāύt--
(i) To speak the truth, he is an honest man. (ii) To be brief, he will not come.
Bare Infinitive: āĻāĻŽāϰāĻž āĻāĻžāύāĻŋ āĻĒāĻžāĻļāĻžāĻĒāĻžāĻļāĻŋ āĻĻā§āĻāĻāĻž Verb āĻāϏāϞ⧠āĻĒāϰā§āϰ Verb āĻāĻŋ Gerund āĻšā§ āĻ āĻĨāĻŦāĻž Participle āĻšā§ āĻāĻŋāύā§āϤ⧠āĻāĻŋāĻā§ Verb āĻāĻā§ āϝāĻžāĻĻā§āϰ āĻĒāϰ⧠Infinitive āĻŦāϏāĻž āĻāĻāĻŋā§ āĻāĻŋāϞ āĻāĻŋāύā§āϤ⧠āĻŦāϏ⧠āύāĻž āϤāĻžāĻĻā§āϰāĻā§ Bare Infinitive āĻŦāϞāĻž āĻšā§āĨ¤ āĻ āĻāĻžāϤā§ā§ Verb āĻā§āϞāĻŋāϰ āĻĒāϰ⧠āĻāĻāĻāĻž Object āĻŦāϏ⧠āĻ āϤāĻāĻĒāϰ āϤāĻžāϰāĻĒāϰ āĻāĻāĻāĻž Base form of Verb āĻŦāϏ⧠āĨ¤āĻ āĻāĻžāϤā§ā§ Verb āĻā§āϞāĻŋ āĻšāϞ: let, make see, watch, hear, behold,
(i) He does not let me go home. (ii) They saw me go there.
(iii) We heard her sing a song. &nbsnbsp; (iv) Father made us understand it.
Participle:
Verb āĻāϰ āϝ⧠āϰā§āĻĒ āĻāĻāĻ āϏāĻžāĻĨā§ Verb āĻ Adjective āĻāϰ āĻāĻžāĻ āĻāϰ⧠āϤāĻžāĻā§ Participle āĻŦāϞā§āĨ¤ āϝā§āĻŽāύt
a. We saw a singing bird. b. Lost health can hardly be recovered.
Participle āĻā§ āĻāĻŦāĻžāϰ ā§Š āĻāĻžāĻā§ āĻāĻžāĻ āĻāϰāĻž āϝāĻžā§āĨ¤ āϝāĻĨāĻž t
(a) Present Participle (b) Past Participle (c) Perfect Participle.
(a) Present Participle : Verb āĻāϰ āϏāĻžāĻĨā§ ing āϝā§āĻā§āϤ āĻāϰāϞ⧠āϝāĻĻāĻŋ āϏā§āĻāĻŋ Verb āĻ Adjective āĻšāĻŋāϏā§āĻŦā§ āĻāĻžāĻ āĻāϰ⧠āϤāĻžāĻšāϞ⧠Present Participle. āϝā§āĻŽāύ t
a. A barking dog seldom bites. b. None should get on a running bus.
c. We found them playing cricket. d. We were enjoying an exciting game.
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Use of Present Participle |
a. Noun āĻāϰ āĻāĻā§ āĻŦāϏ⧠Noun āĻāϰ āĻā§āĻŖ āĻĒā§āϰāĻāĻžāĻļ āĻāϰā§āĨ¤ āϝā§āĻŽāύ t
(i) This is an interesting story. (ii) He has a pleasing voice. (iii) He shot a flying bird.
b. āĻāĻāύ⧠āĻāĻāύ⧠Preposition āĻšāĻŋāϏāĻžāĻŦā§ āĻŦāϏāϤ⧠āĻĒāĻžāϰā§āĨ¤ āϝā§āĻŽāύ t
(i) The boy knew nothing regarding it. (ii) Nobody came saving(except) one.
(iii) He gave a piece of information regarding (about) him.
c. āĻ āύā§āĻ āϏāĻŽā§ see, hear, watch, find āĻāϤā§āϝāĻžāĻĻāĻŋ verb āĻāϰ āĻĒāϰ Object āĻāĻŦāĻ āϤāĻžāϰ āĻĒāϰā§āϰ āĻ āĻāĻļāĻāĻŋ present Participle āĻšāĻŋāϏā§āĻŦā§ āĻāĻŖā§āϝ āĻšā§āĨ¤ āϝā§āĻŽāύ t
(i) He saw me coming here. (ii) We heard her singing.
d. Have, get, start, keep, leave, find, catch āĻāϤā§āϝāĻžāĻĻāĻŋ Verb āĻāϰ āĻĒāϰ Subject āĻāĻŦāĻ āϤāĻžāϰāĻĒāϰ ing āϝā§āĻā§āϤ āĻ āĻāĻļ āĻĨāĻžāĻāϞ⧠āϏā§āĻāĻŋ Present Participle āĻšāĻŋāϏā§āĻŦā§ āĻāĻŖā§āϝ āĻšā§āĨ¤ āϝā§āĻŽāύ t
(i) He kept me waiting. (ii) I caught the man stealing a mango.
e. Present Participle āĻāĻāύāĻ āĻāĻāύ⧠āϏāĻŽā§, āĻāĻžāϰāĻŖ āĻ āĻļāϰā§āϤ āĻĒā§āϰāĻāĻžāĻļ āĻāϰāĻžāϰ āĻāύā§āϝ āĻŦā§āϝāĻŦāĻšā§āϤ āĻšā§āĨ¤ āϝā§āĻŽāύ t
(i) Being ill, he could not come to the meeting.
(ii) While walking along the road, I saw a dead cow.
(iii) Turning to the left, you will find my house.
Past Participle: Verb āĻāϰ Past Participle āĻŦāĻž ā§Šā§ āϰā§āĻĒ āϝāĻāύ āĻāĻāĻ āϏāĻžāĻĨā§ Verb āĻ Adjective āĻāϰ āĻāĻžāĻ āĻāϰ⧠āϤāĻāύ āϤāĻžāĻā§ Past Participle āĻŦāϞā§āĨ¤ āϝā§āĻŽāύ t
a. Remove the broken glass.
b. His father is a retired army officer.
c. Don’t drink arsenic contaminated water.
Prefect Participle: Having + āĻŽā§āϞ verb āĻāϰ Past participle †K Perfect Participle āĻŦāϞā§āĨ¤ āϝā§āĻŽāύ t
a. Having done it. he went away.
b. He went away having closed the door.
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Gerund |
Verb āĻāϰ āϏāĻžāĻĨā§ ing āϝā§āĻā§āϤ āĻāϰāϞ⧠āϝāĻĻāĻŋ āĻāĻāĻ āϏāĻžāĻĨā§ Verb āĻ Noun āĻāϰ āĻāĻžāĻ āĻāϰ⧠āϤāĻžāĻšāϞ⧠āϤāĻžāĻā§ Gerund āĻŦāϞā§āĨ¤
āϝā§āĻŽāύ t a. Walking is a good exercise. b. He stops reading novels.
Use of Gerund
a. Verb āĻāϰ Subject āĻšāĻŋāϏāĻžāĻŦā§ āĻŦāϏā§āĨ¤ āϝā§āĻŽāύt Swimming is a good exercise
b. Transitive Verb āĻāϰ Object āĻšāĻŋāϏāĻžāĻŦā§ āĻŦāϏā§āĨ¤ āϝā§āĻŽāύ t My wife loves gardening.
c. Subject āĻāϰ Complement āĻšāĻŋāϏāĻžāĻŦā§ āĻŦāϏ⧠|
āϝā§āĻŽāύ t (i) His target is getting a+. (ii) My hobby is angling
d. Preposition āĻāϰ Object āϰā§āĻĒā§ āĻŦāϏāϤ⧠āĻĒāĻžāϰā§āĨ¤ āϝā§āĻŽāύ t
(i) He is absorbed in reading. (ii) I am fond of playing.
e. Compound Noun āĻāϰ āĻ āĻāĻļ āĻšāĻŋāϏāĻžāĻŦā§ āĻŦāϏāϤ⧠āĻĒāĻžāϰā§āĨ¤ āϝā§āĻŽāύ t
(i) This is our dressing table. (ii) He is in the drawing room.
f. āϝāĻĻāĻŋ Possessive (āϝā§āĻŽāύ t my, his, her, your, their āĻāϤā§āϝāĻžāĻĻāĻŋ)-āĻāϰ āĻĒāϰ Verb āĻāϰ āϏāĻžāĻĨā§ ing āϝā§āĻā§āϤ āĻšā§āĨ¤ āϝā§āĻŽāύ t
(i) He scolded me for my telling a lie. (ii) I am afraid of its happening.