Samuel Beckett

Samuel Beckett

Samuel Barclay Beckett was an Irish avant-garde novelist, playwright, theatre director, and poet, who lived in Paris for most of his adult life and wrote in both English and French.

Beckett's work offers a bleak, tragicomic outlook on human existence, often coupled with black comedy and gallows humour, and became increasingly minimalist in his later career. He is considered one of the last modernist writers, and one of the key figures in what Martin Esslin called the "Theatre of the Absurd".

Beckett was awarded the 1969 Nobel Prize in Literature "for his writing, which—in new forms for the novel and drama—in the destitution of modern man acquires its elevation". He was elected Saoi of Aosdána in 1984.

Honours and awards:

Selected works by Beckett:

Dramatic works:

Theatre:

  • Human Wishes (c. 1936; published 1984)
  • Eleutheria (written 1947 in French; published in French 1995, and English 1996)
  • En attendant Godot (published 1952, performed 1953) 
  • Acte sans Paroles I (1956); Act Without Words I (1957)
  • Acte sans Paroles II (1956); Act Without Words II (1957)
  • Fin de partie (published 1957); Endgame (published 1957)
  • Krapp's Last Tape (first performed 1958)
  • Fragment de théâtre I (late 1950s); Rough for Theatre I
  • Fragment de théâtre II (late 1950s); Rough for Theatre II
  • Happy Days (first performed 1961); Oh les beaux jours (published 1963)
  • Play (performed in German, as Spiel, 1963; English version 1964)
  • Come and Go (first performed in German, then English, 1966)
  • Breath (first performed 1969)
  • Not I (first performed 1972)
  • That Time (first performed 1976)
  • Footfalls (first performed 1976)
  • Neither (1977) (An "opera", music by Morton Feldman)
  • A Piece of Monologue (first performed 1979)
  • Rockaby (first performed 1981)
  • Ohio Impromptu (first performed 1981)
  • Catastrophe (Catastrophe et autres dramatiques, first performed 1982)
  • What Where (first performed 1983)

Novels:

  • Dream of Fair to Middling Women (written 1932; published 1992)
  • Murphy (1938); 1947 Beckett's French version
  • Watt (1953); 1968, Beckett's French version
  • Molloy (1951); English version (1955)
  • Malone meurt (1951); Malone Dies (1956)
  • L'innommable (1953); The Unnamable (1958)
  • Comment c'est (1961); How It Is (1964)
  • Mercier and Camier (written 1946, published 1970); English translation (1974)

Poetry collections:

  • Whoroscope (1930)
  • Echo's Bones and other Precipitates (1935)
  • Poèmes (1968, expanded 1976, 1979, 1992) 
  • Poems in English (1961)
  • Collected Poems in English and French (1977)
  • What is the Word (1989)
  • Selected Poems 1930–1989 (2009)
  • The Collected Poems of Samuel Beckett, edited, annotated by Seán Lawlor, John Pilling (2012, Faber and Faber, 2014, Grove Press)

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